Mass analysis in islands of stability with linear quadrupoles with added octopole fields

Konenkov, N. V.; Zhao, Xujun; Xiao, Zilan; Douglas, D. J.

doi:10.1016/j.jasms.2007.01.002

Cited by 11 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…For example, theory and experiments show that with quadrupole excitation in linear quadrupoles with added octopole fields, the x and y frequencies differ slightly, so the island boundaries will not exactly match those calculated for a pure quadrupole field [26]. However, it has been found by simulations [20] and experiments [16,17,21] that the overall trend of island formation is still the same for quadrupoles incorporating weak higher order multipoles.…”

Section: Islands Of Stability Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in this case the transmission is six times lower than that with conventional operation, Figure 5c. Thus, with rod sets 4A and 4B, when a Ͻ 0, the use of an island of stability helps to overcome the adverse effects of the added multipole fields, as was seen with a quadrupole with an added octopole field [20,21].…”

Section: Quadrupoles With a 4% Added Hexapole Field With A ͻmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Addition of these field distortions might be expected to cause conventional mass analysis, done by scanning the applied direct current (DC) and radio frequency (rf) voltages so that ions cross the tip of the first stability diagram [1], to deteriorate. Nevertheless, mass analysis with quadrupoles with added octopole [13] or hexapole [14] fields has been found to be possible in some cases, provided the positive DC is applied to the x rods so that the Mathieu parameter a, (eq 5 below) is positive for positive ions.For mass analysis, linear quadrupoles can also be operated with islands of stability [4,[15][16][17][18][19][20]. Islands of stability, separated by bands of instability, are formed in a stability region when auxiliary quadrupole excitaAddress reprint requests to D. J. Douglas,…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For mass analysis, linear quadrupoles can also be operated with islands of stability [4,[15][16][17][18][19][20]. Islands of stability, separated by bands of instability, are formed in a stability region when auxiliary quadrupole excita-tion with a properly chosen frequency and amplitude is added to the quadrupole.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Computer simulations [20] and then experiments [21] showed that with quadrupoles with an added octopole field of 2%-4%, use of an island allows mass analysis when the positive DC is applied to the y rods. Without use of an island, only low-resolution and transmission are possible.…”

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Mass analysis with islands of stability with linear quadrupoles incorporating higher order multipole fields

Zhao

Xiao

Douglas

2010

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Mass analysis with islands of stability has been investigated with three linear quadrupole mass filters: two with 4% added hexapole fields constructed with equal diameter (quadrupole 4A) and unequal diameter (quadrupole 4B) rods, and a conventional round-rod quadrupole that has apparently been slightly damaged. Islands are formed by applying auxiliary quadrupole excitation. With the Mathieu parameter, a Ͻ 0, mass analysis with both quadrupoles with hexapole fields operated normally, i.e., without islands, gives only low resolution. A factor of 10 or more increase in resolution is possible with the use of stability islands. With a Ͼ 0, when quadrupole 4A is operated normally, peak shapes similar to that of a conventional quadrupole can be obtained at resolutions higher than 850. At lower resolutions, peaks are split. When quadrupole 4B is operated without islands, resolution up to 2000 is possible, but there are low mass tails and structure is formed on the peaks. With mass analysis with an island of stability, both quadrupoles 4A and 4B show peaks free of structure and without tails. Ion transmission is also improved with some operating conditions. With the conventional round-rod quadrupole, mass analysis with islands of stability increases the limiting resolution from 2500 to 4360. At a resolution of 2500, the transmission is increased by about two orders of magnitude. These results show that the use of islands of stability improves mass analysis with quadrupoles with distorted fields, and may, in the future, allow use of quadrupoles constructed with at least some lower mechanical tolerances. In some instruments, a quadrupole operated as a linear ion trap (such as Q3 in a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer) must also be capable of mass analysis [9].In general, the potential of a linear quadrupole with field distortions can be written as [10]where x and y are Cartesian coordinates, r 0 represents the distance from the central axis to an electrode for an ideal quadrupole and otherwise is a normalization factor, Re͓f͑x ϩ iy͔͒ is the real part of the complex function f(x ϩ iy), i 2 ϭ Ϫ1, A N is the dimensionless amplitude of a multipole (2N-pole), and (t) is a timedependent voltage applied to the electrodes. An ideal linear quadrupole has A 2 ϭ 1 and all other multipoles zero. A practical linear quadrupole usually has A 2 Ϸ 1, and other higher order multipole amplitudes in the range 10 Ϫ5 to 10 Ϫ3 [2-4]. Methods of adding an octopole field of 2% to 4% [11], i.e., A 4 ⁄A 2 ϭ 0.02 Ϫ 0.04, and a hexapole field [12] of up to 12% (A 3 ⁄A 2 Յ 0.12) to linear quadrupoles constructed from round rods have been described. (Hexapole and octopole fields are the next two higher multipoles after the quadrupole in the expansion of eq 1.) A hexapole field is added by rotating the two y rods towards an x rod through a small angle . The amplitude of the hexapole, A 3 , is approximately proportional to . This method also adds other higher multipoles, including an octopole field [12]. Addition of these field distortions might be expe...

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Section: Islands Of Stability Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Quadrupoles With a 4% Added Hexapole Field With A ͻmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mass analysis with islands of stability with linear quadrupoles incorporating higher order multipole fields

Zhao

Xiao

Douglas

2010

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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2007

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of mass spectrometry for the structural characterization of recombinant protein pharmaceuticals. Mass Spectrom Rev 2007; 26: 370. Bharti A, Ma PC, Salgia R. Biomarker discovery in lung cancer -Promises and challenges of clinical proteomics. Mass Spectrom Rev 2007; 26: 451. Drabik A, Bierczynska-Krzysik A, Bodzon-Kulakowska A, Suder P, Kotlinska J, Silberring J. Proteomics in neurosciences. Mass Spectrom Rev 2007; 26: 432. Greis KD. Mass spectrometry for enzyme assays and inhibitor screening: An emerging application in pharmaceutical research. Mass Spectrom Rev 2007; 26: 324. Prakash C, Shaffer CL, Nedderman A. Analytical strategies for identifying drug metabolites. Mass Spectrom Rev 2007; 26: 340. Tamvakopoulos C. Mass spectrometry for the quantification of bioactive peptides in biological fluids. Mass Spectrom Rev 2007; 26: 389. Zhang XW, Wei D, Yap Y, Li L, Guo SY, Chen F. Mass spectrometry-based "omics" technologies in cancer diagnostics. Mass Spectrom Rev 2007; 26: 403. INSTRUMENTAL TECHNIQUES & METHODSAdamov A, Viidanoja J, Karpanoja E, Paakkanen H, Ketola RA, Kostianinen R, Sysoev A, Kotiaho T. Interfacing an aspiration ion mobility spectrometer to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Rev Sci Instrum 2007; 78: 44101.Asfandiarov NL, Nafikova EP, Pshenichnyuk SA. Interpreting electron transmission spectroscopy and negative ion mass spectrometry data using a spherical potential well model. J Exp Theor Phys 2007; 104: 357. Bader S, Urfer W, Baumbach JI. Reduction of ion mobility spectrometry data by clustering characteristic peak structures. J Chemometr 2006; 20: 128. Blashenkov NM, Lavrent'ev GY. Surface-ionization field mass-spectrometry studies of nonequilibrium surface ionization. Phys Usp 2007; 50: 53. Breitenfeldt M, Ziegler F, Herlert A, Marx G, Schweikhard L. Simultaneous monitoring of the radial modes of the ion motion and their manipulation in Penning traps by FT-ICR mass spectrometry. Int J Mass Spectrom 2007; 263: 94. Chen H, Wortmann A, Zenobi R. Special feature: Tutorial -Neutral desorption sampling coupled to extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for rapid differentiation of biosamples by metabolomic fingerprinting. J Mass Spectrom 2007; 42: 1123. Creese AJ, Cooper HJ. Liquid chromatography electron capture dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ECD-MS/MS) versus liquid chromatography collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (LC-CID-MS/MS) for the identification of proteins. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2007; 18: 891. Delcorte A, Yunus S, Wehbe N, Nieuwjaer N, Poleunis C, Felten A, Houssiau L, Pireaux JJ, Bertrand P. Metal-assisted secondary ion mass spectrometry using atomic (Ga + , In + ) and fullerene projectiles. Anal Chem 2007; 79: 3673. Falkner JA, Kachman M, Veine DM, Walker A, Strahler JR, Andrews PC. Validated MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectra for protein standards. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2007; 18: 850. Ganeev AA, Kuz'menkov MA, Lyubimtsev VA, Potapov SV, Drobyshev AI, Potemin SS, Voronov MV. Pulsed discharge in a hollow cathode with the detection of ions in a time-...

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Linear quadrupoles in mass spectrometry

Douglas

2009

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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The use of linear quadrupoles in mass spectrometry as mass filters and ion guides is reviewed. Following a tutorial review of the principles of mass filter operation, methods of mass analysis are reviewed. Discussed are extensions of quadrupole mass filters to higher masses, scanning with frequency sweeps of the quadrupole waveform, operation in higher stability regions, and operation with rectangular or other periodic waveforms. Two relatively new methods of mass analysis the use of "islands of stability" and "mass selective axial ejection" are then reviewed. The optimal electrode geometry for a quadrupole mass filter constructed with round rods is discussed. The use of collisional cooling in quadrupole ion guides is discussed along with ion guides that have axial fields. Finally, mass analysis with quadrupoles that have large distortions to the geometry and fields is discussed. An Appendix gives a brief tutorial review of definitions of electrical potentials and fields, as well as the units used in this article.

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Mass analysis in islands of stability with linear quadrupoles with added octopole fields

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Mass analysis with islands of stability with linear quadrupoles incorporating higher order multipole fields

Mass analysis with islands of stability with linear quadrupoles incorporating higher order multipole fields

Current literature in mass spectrometry

Linear quadrupoles in mass spectrometry

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