Mass and momentum transfer characteristics in and downstream of 90° elbow

Ikarashi, Yuya; Taguchi, Shoichi; Yamagata, Takayuki; Fujisawa, Nobuyuki

doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.11.014

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Pressure difference p 1 − p 2 and flow rate Q were read from the respective gauges. Major head loss coefficient λ was calculated using the Phama formula [34], where the viscosity of water was determined, using liquid temperature measurements, from a relationship obtained by Polynomial Approximation (5) of points tabulated in a study by reference [35]. The viscosity of water with suspended solids was calculated using the Einstein Formula (6) [36].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A substantial number of studies analyze a particular phenomenon in non-commercial elbows of pre-defined shapes and sizes made especially for experimental purposes from special (e.g., transparent) materials [4,5,7]. Of course, this allows researchers to demonstrate the occurrence of and explain the essence of certain physical phenomena, but the results obtained in this way are not always suitable for use in engineering practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of the Concentration of Sand in a Mixture of Water and Sand Flowing through PP and PVC Elbows on the Minor Head Loss Coefficient

Wichowski

Siwiec

Kalenik

2019

Water

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The article presents the results of tests of minor head losses through PVC and PP elbows for a flow of water and mixtures of water and sand with grain sizes of up to 0.5 mm and concentrations of 5.6 g·L−1, 10.84 g·L−1, and 15.73 g·L−1. The tests were carried out at variable flow velocities for three elbow diameters of 63 mm, 75 mm, and 90 mm. The flow rate, pressure difference in the tested cross-sections, and temperature of the fluids were measured and automatically recorded. The results of the measurements were used to develop mathematical models for determining the minor head loss coefficient as a function of elbow diameter, sand concentration in the liquid, and Reynolds number. The mathematical model was developed by cross validation. It was shown that when the concentration of sand in the liquid was increased by 1.0 g∙L−1, the coefficient of minor head loss through the elbows increased, in the Reynolds number range of 4.6 × 104–2.1 × 105, by 0.3–0.01% for PP63, 0.6–0.03% for PP75, 1.1–0.06% for PP90, 0.8−0.01% for PVC63, 0.8–0.02% for PVC75, and 0.9–0.04% for PVC90. An increase in Re from 5 × 104 to 2 × 106 for elbows with diameters of 63, 75 and 90 mm caused a 7.3%, 6.8%, and 6.0% decrease in the minor head loss coefficient, respectively.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Concentration of Sand in a Mixture of Water and Sand Flowing through PP and PVC Elbows on the Minor Head Loss Coefficient

Wichowski

Siwiec

Kalenik

2019

Water

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“…The distributions of the FAC rate at the elbow could be directly measured with the help of the array electrode technique, and thus the correlation between FAC behavior and hydrodynamics of fluid could be determined. Fujisawa et al [19,20] described the mass and momentum transfer characteristics downstream of the orifice and elbow by the plaster dissolution method. The cross-sectional velocity field measured by the stereo particle image velocimetry presenting the MTC is drastically modified by the secondary flow and flow separation, where the high turbulent energy production locates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of corrosion behavior at elbow by array electrode and computational fluid dynamics simulation

et al. 2020

Materials & Corrosion

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The present study focuses on the flow-accelerated corrosion (FAC) behavior of A106Gr.B steel at 90°elbow by electrochemical measurement and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The FAC rates under turbulent flows with a velocity of 3 and 1.5 m/s were measured by an array electrode technique in a loop system. The experimental results reveal that the maximum FAC rate appears at the extrados of 90°elbow, consistent with the locations from the rupture of the carbon steel piping in the worst cases at elbows. In addition, an effective mass transfer coefficient in consideration of the geometric factor was used to evaluate the FAC rate at intrados and extrados of the 90°elbow by CFD simulation. The predicted results are in good agreement with the experimental values.

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“…Investigations of the behavior of liquids flowing through elbows show that flow involves very complex phenomena, with many factors affecting head loss. According to some authors, a key factor is the curvature ratio, which is r/D = 1.0 for so-called short-radius elbows [3,4], and r/D=1.5 for long-radius elbows [3,5]. These researchers have shown that in short-radius elbows with an r/D = 1, centrifugal force leads to the formation of a separated region on the inner wall side, in which counterrotating flow cells, known as Dean vortices are induced [6], in long-radius elbows, this area is smaller and is formed intermittently [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A substantial part of studies analyze a particular phenomenon in non-commercial elbows of pre-defined shapes and sizes made especially for experimental purposes from special (e.g. transparent) materials [4,5,7]. Of course, this allows researchers to demonstrate the occurrence of and explain the essence of certain physical phenomena, but the results obtained in this way are not always suitable for use in engineering practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Concentration of Sand in a Mixture of Water and Sand Flowing through PP and PVC Elbows on the Minor Head Loss Coefficient

Wichowski¹,

Siwiec²,

Kalenik³

2019

Preprint

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The article presents the results of tests of minor head losses through PVC and PP elbows for a flow of water and mixtures of water and sand with grain sizes of up to 0.5 mm and concentrations of 5.6 g∙L-1, 10.84 g∙L-1, and 15.73 g∙L-1. The tests were carried out at variable flow velocities for three elbow diameters of 63, 75, and 90 mm. The flow rate, pressure difference in the tested cross-sections, and temperature of the fluids were measured and automatically recorded. The results of the measurements were used to develop mathematical models for determining the minor head loss coefficient as a function of elbow diameter, sand concentration in the liquid, and Reynolds number. The mathematical model was developed by cross validation. It was shown that when the concentration of sand in the liquid was increased by 1.0 g∙L-1, the coefficient of minor head loss through the elbows increased, in the Reynolds number range of 4.6∙104 − 2.1∙105, by 0.3−0.01% for PP63, 0.6−0.03 % for PP75, 1.1−0.06 % for PP90, 0.8−0.01 % for PVC63, 0.8−0.02 % for PVC75, and 0.9−0.04 % for PVC90. An increase in Re from 5∙104 to 2∙106 for elbows with diameters of 63, 75 and 90 mm caused a 7.3 %, 6.8 %, and 6.0 % decrease in the minor head loss coefficient, respectively.

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Mass and momentum transfer characteristics in and downstream of 90° elbow

Cited by 22 publications

References 28 publications

Effect of the Concentration of Sand in a Mixture of Water and Sand Flowing through PP and PVC Elbows on the Minor Head Loss Coefficient

Effect of the Concentration of Sand in a Mixture of Water and Sand Flowing through PP and PVC Elbows on the Minor Head Loss Coefficient

Investigation of corrosion behavior at elbow by array electrode and computational fluid dynamics simulation

Effect of the Concentration of Sand in a Mixture of Water and Sand Flowing through PP and PVC Elbows on the Minor Head Loss Coefficient

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