Mass balance of White Glacier, Axel Heiberg Island, N.W.T., Canada, 1960–91

Cogley, J. Graham; Adams, William P.; Ecclestone, M.A.; Jung-Rothenhäusler, Frederik; Ommanney, C. Simon L.

doi:10.1017/s0022143000003531

Cited by 41 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Dowdeswell et al (1997) similarly found that Scandinavia had a stronger mass balance response from the relatively more variable precipitation rate for other Arctic glaciated regions. Arctic Canada has no apparent precipitation sensitivity yet exhibits the strongest T regional Warm Season sensitivity (Correlation=−0.760), consistent with low precipitation rates (under 300 mm yr −1 , Cogley et al 1996, Dyurgerov 2002) based on the reanalysis product. Arctic Canada snow accumulation rates are similar to other High Arctic glacier regions.…”

Section: Land Icesupporting

confidence: 58%

Key indicators of Arctic climate change: 1971–2017

Box

Colgan

Christensen

et al. 2019

Environ. Res. Lett.

614

408

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Key observational indicators of climate change in the Arctic, most spanning a 47 year period demonstrate fundamental changes among nine key elements of the Arctic system. We find that, coherent with increasing air temperature, there is an intensification of the hydrological cycle, evident from increases in humidity, precipitation, river discharge, glacier equilibrium line altitude and land ice wastage. Downward trends continue in sea ice thickness (and extent) and spring snow cover extent and duration, while near-surface permafrost continues to warm. Several of the climate indicators exhibit a significant statistical correlation with air temperature or precipitation, reinforcing the notion thatincreasing air temperatures and precipitation are drivers of major changes in various components of the Arctic system. To progress beyond a presentation of the Arctic physical climate changes, we find a correspondence between air temperature and biophysical indicators such as tundra biomass and identify numerous biophysical disruptions with cascading effects throughout the trophic levels. These include: increased delivery of organic matter and nutrients to Arctic near-coastal zones; condensed flowering and pollination plant species periods; timing mismatch between plant flowering and pollinators; increased plant vulnerability to insect disturbance; increased shrub biomass; increased ignition of wildfires; increased growing season CO 2 uptake, with counterbalancing increases in shoulder season and winter CO 2 emissions; increased carbon cycling, regulated by local hydrology and permafrost thaw; conversion between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems; and shifting animal distribution and demographics. The Arctic biophysical system is now clearly trending away from its 20th Century state and into an unprecedented state, with implications not only within but beyond the Arctic. The indicator time series of this study are freely downloadable at AMAP.no.

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Section: Land Icesupporting

confidence: 58%

Key indicators of Arctic climate change: 1971–2017

Box

Colgan

Christensen

et al. 2019

Environ. Res. Lett.

614

408

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“…2.1. Glacier and ice cap climatic mass balance measurements Annual surface mass balance from 61 glaciers and ice caps located between latitude 55°and 79°latitude are updated after Mernild et al (2013), using data from World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS 2017), Dyurgerov and Meier (2005), Cogley et al (1996), and through personal correspondence from principle investigators (see supplementary table 1, available online at stacks.iop.org/ ERL/13/125012/mmedia). Each mass balance record represents the 'specific', i.e.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Global sea-level contribution from Arctic land ice: 1971–2017

Box

Colgan

Wouters

et al. 2018

Environ. Res. Lett.

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The Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP 2017) report identifies the Arctic as the largest regional source of land ice to global sea-level rise in the 2003-2014 period. Yet, this contextualization ignores the longer perspective from in situ records of glacier mass balance. Here, using 17 (>55°N latitude) glacier and ice cap mass balance series in the 1971-2017 period, we develop a semi-empirical estimate of annual sea-level contribution from seven Arctic regions by scaling the in situ records to GRACE averages. We contend that our estimate represents the most accurate Arctic land ice mass balance assessment so far available before the 1992 start of satellite altimetry. We estimate the 1971-2017 eustatic sea-level contribution from land ice north of ∼55°N to be 23.0±12.3 mm sea-level equivalent (SLE). In all regions, the cumulative sea-level rise curves exhibit an acceleration, starting especially after 1988. Greenland is the source of 46% of the Arctic sea-level rise contribution (10.6±7.3 mm), followed by Alaska (5.7±2.2 mm), Arctic Canada (3.2±0.7 mm) and the Russian High Arctic (1.5±0.4 mm). Our annual results exhibit co-variability over a 43 year overlap (1971-2013) with the alternative dataset of Marzeion et al (2015 Cryosphere 9 2399-404) (M15). However, we find a 1.36× lower sea-level contribution, in agreement with satellite gravimetry. The IPCC Fifth Assessment report identified constraining the pre-satellite era sea-level budget as a topic of low scientific understanding that we address and specify sea-level contributions coinciding with IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC) 'present day' (2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015) and 'recent past' (1986)(1987)(1988)(1989)(1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005) reference periods. We assess an Arctic land ice loss of 8.3 mm SLE during the recent past and 12.4 mm SLE during the present day. The seven regional sea-level rise contribution time series of this study are available from AMAP.no.

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“…There are four long‐running glacier SMB records from the CAA [the Devon Ice Cap (Burgess and Koerner, ), Meighen Ice Cap (Burgess, ), Melville Ice Cap (Burgess, ) and the White Glacier (Cogley and Ecclestone, )] (Figure ). These records begin in 1961, 1960, 1963 and 1960, respectively, and end in the 2011 mass balance year (measured in the spring of 2012).…”

Section: Datasetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in summer anticyclonic circulation over the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and west Greenland in the late 20th/early 21st centuries and its effect on glacier mass balance

Bezeau

Sharp

Gascon

2014

Intl Journal of Climatology

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More frequent summer anticyclonic circulation over the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) between 2007 and 2012 caused more intense and sustained melt of ice caps and glaciers and increased rates of mass loss. To determine the frequency of the occurrence of anticyclonic circulation over the CAA and western Greenland, a self‐organizing map (SOM) was used to classify daily 500 hPa geopotential height (GPH) anomalies calculated from National Centers for Environmental Prediction and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) Reanalysis 1 (1948–2012) and five Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models (1950–2025). While the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis indicates that significant summer warming over the CAA is linked to a doubling in the frequency of anticyclonic circulation over the region since 2007, the CMIP5 models were not capable of reproducing the magnitude of the trend in the frequency of anticyclonic circulation over the CAA and western Greenland found in NCEP/NCAR. The variability of the frequency of positive anomalies in summer 500 hPa GPH was found to be related to variability of Arctic sea ice volume/thickness in April, May and June (1979–2012) and to poleward eddy heat flux in June (1979–2012).

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Mass balance of White Glacier, Axel Heiberg Island, N.W.T., Canada, 1960–91

Cited by 41 publications

References 30 publications

Key indicators of Arctic climate change: 1971–2017

Key indicators of Arctic climate change: 1971–2017

Global sea-level contribution from Arctic land ice: 1971–2017

Variability in summer anticyclonic circulation over the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and west Greenland in the late 20th/early 21st centuries and its effect on glacier mass balance

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