Mass distributions of negative cluster ions of copper, silver, and gold

Katakuse, Itsuo; Ichihara, Toshio; Fujita, Y.; Matsuo, T.; Sakurai, Toru; Matsuda, Hisashi

doi:10.1016/0168-1176(86)85021-2

Cited by 169 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The silver clusters that were identified in negative polarity were Ag -7 , Ag -17 , and Ag -19 , which were also found by Katakuse et al (1986). In positive polarity, we identified three series: H x Ag y (charge carrier) + , where y was odd when x was 0, and even when x was 1, and the charge carriers had masses 224, 236, and 340 Th.…”

Section: Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Remarks on Ion Generation for CPC Detection Efficiency Studies in Sub-3-nm Size Range

Kangasluoma

Junninen

Lehtipalo

et al. 2013

Aerosol Science and Technology

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To calibrate a newly developed condensation particle counter, samples of known chemical composition are needed as the chemistry plays a role in the activation process. For that, we have built a calibration setup and produced ammonium sulfate, sodium chloride, tungsten oxide, silver, alkyl halide, and ionic liquid clusters down to 1 nm in mobility diameter in positive and negative mode. The chemical composition of most negatively charged clusters was solved using high-resolution mass spectrometer and we identified about 70% of the total signal of the mass spectrometer. For the Airmodus Particle Size Magnifier, which was the instrument to be calibrated, we measured cutoff diameters of 1.1, 1.3, 1.4, 1.6, and 1.6-1.8 nm for negative sodium chloride, ammonium sulfate, tungsten oxide, silver, and positive organics, respectively. From the alkyl halide and ionic liquid experiments, we concluded that the composition plays a bigger role than the charge state of the cluster in the activation process. We also showed that relative humidity of the sample flow can change the detection efficiency of the Particle Size Magnifier, which adds some uncertainties to the measured number concentrations.

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Section: Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Remarks on Ion Generation for CPC Detection Efficiency Studies in Sub-3-nm Size Range

Kangasluoma

Junninen

Lehtipalo

et al. 2013

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…Many of these magic numbers were also observed in the gold experiment-as discontinuities in the ion-abundance distributions (offset by one atom because of the overall positive charge). Following these pioneering mass spectrometric studies (also for singly charged anions: Katakuse et al 1986), ionization energies and adiabatic/vertical electron affinities were acquired for a whole range of gold-cluster sizes (Ho et al 1990;Jackschath et al 1992). By 1992, more detailed electronic structure information had become available from anion photoelectron spectroscopy-notably from a study using a magnetic-bottle spectrometer for cluster monoanions up to 223 atoms (Taylor et al 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the size-dependent structure of ligand-free gold-cluster ions

Schooss

Weis

Hampe

et al. 2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

112

108

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Ligand-free metal clusters can be prepared over a wide size range, but only in comparatively small amounts. Determining their size-dependent properties has therefore required the development of experimental methods that allow characterization of sample sizes comprising only a few thousand mass-selected particles under well-defined collisionfree conditions. In this review, we describe the application of these methods to the geometric structural determination of Au + n and Au − n with n = 3-20. Geometries were assigned by comparing experimental data, primarily from ion-mobility spectrometry and trapped ion electron diffraction, to structural models from quantum chemical calculations.

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“…The production and investigation of binary silver-gold [2,16,17] and those of the pure silver [12][13][14]18] and gold clusters [12,13] has been reported by several research groups. However, in contrast to the information available on the pure silver and gold clusters, only very limited experimental [16,17] and theoretical studies [19] on the properties of small size silver-gold clusters have been reported.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, to achieve these specific goals much information on the physical and chemical properties of the clusters as the function of their composition and size should be gained. Mass spectrometric methods provide a unique experimental tool for the investigation of the electronic and geometric properties of small-size metal clusters [6].In the past decades several methods were explored to induce gas-phase generation of metal clusters, and most of these techniques were based on the evaporation of metals by heating [7,8], or using laser ablation [9 -11] and ion-bombardment [12][13][14][15]. The production and investigation of binary silver-gold [2,16,17] and those of the pure silver [12][13][14]18] and gold clusters [12,13] has been reported by several research groups.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bimetallic silver-gold clusters by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization

Kéki

Nagy

Deák

et al. 2004

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Pure gold clusters (Au n ϩ ) were produced up to the cluster size of n ϭ 100 by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). The mass spectrum of the resulting clusters showed alteration in the ion intensity at odd-even clusters size. On the other hand, intensity drops at cluster size predicted by the jellium model theory was also observed. Positively and negatively charged bimetallic silver-gold clusters were produced under MALDI conditions from the mixture of HAuCl 4 /silver trifluoroacetate and the 2-(4-hydroxyphenylazo)benzoic acid (HABA) matrix. A linear correlation was found between the intensity ratio of Au n Ag m ϩ to Au nϩ1 Ag mϪ1 ϩ cluster ions and the molar ratio of the gold to silver salt. It was observed that the composition and the distribution of the clusters can be varied with the molar ratio of the silver and gold salts. It was also found that the resulting cluster sizes obey the lognormal distribution. The variation of the atom types building up the cluster and/or the composition, as well as the size of the cluster offers various possibilities to engineer their properties for specific technological and scientific demands. However, to achieve these specific goals much information on the physical and chemical properties of the clusters as the function of their composition and size should be gained. Mass spectrometric methods provide a unique experimental tool for the investigation of the electronic and geometric properties of small-size metal clusters [6].In the past decades several methods were explored to induce gas-phase generation of metal clusters, and most of these techniques were based on the evaporation of metals by heating [7,8], or using laser ablation [9 -11] and ion-bombardment [12][13][14][15]. The production and investigation of binary silver-gold [2,16,17] and those of the pure silver [12][13][14]18] and gold clusters [12,13] has been reported by several research groups. However, in contrast to the information available on the pure silver and gold clusters, only very limited experimental [16,17] and theoretical studies [19] on the properties of small size silver-gold clusters have been reported. Recently, the generation of silver-cluster ions in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) [20,21] was reported using silver salts and various matrixes [22][23][24]. In a previous paper [24] we have shown that both positively and negatively charged silver clusters up to the size of 200 can be effectively produced from silver ions under MALDI conditions. It was noted that considerable reduction of Ag ϩ takes place in the plume and the matrices enhance the formation of silver clusters. As a continuation of our work, we utilized this method for the generation of pure gold clusters and for the production of mixed binary goldsilver clusters. To our best knowledge we are the first to apply the MALDI method to produce pure gold and bimetallic Au-Ag cluster ions. The present report shows that the resulting distribution of the binary gold-silver clusters can be effectively chan...

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Mass distributions of negative cluster ions of copper, silver, and gold

Cited by 169 publications

References 8 publications

Remarks on Ion Generation for CPC Detection Efficiency Studies in Sub-3-nm Size Range

Remarks on Ion Generation for CPC Detection Efficiency Studies in Sub-3-nm Size Range

Determining the size-dependent structure of ligand-free gold-cluster ions

Bimetallic silver-gold clusters by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization

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