Mass‐forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with marked enhancement on arterial‐phase computed tomography reflects favorable surgical outcomes

Abstract

MF type ICC with marked enhancement within the tumor on arterial CT scans showed a favorable surgical outcome due to its less invasive histopathologic characteristics in patients with MF type ICC.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas mimicking other lesions

“…This hypervascular appearance has been suggested to correlate with highly cellular tumors containing less fibrous components or a more vascular component intermixed with the fibrous tissue, smaller size, and a better prognosis [26,[28][29][30], and is also more prevalent in cholangiocarcinoma that develops in cirrhotic liver [15]. This hypervascular appearance was seen in all of the lesions in our cohort.…”

Intrahepatic mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma: prognostic value of preoperative gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI

“…Although IMCC is typically hypovascular, IMCC arising from chronic viral hepatitis and the cirrhotic or pre-cirrhotic liver is more likely to be hypervascular after the malignant transformation of the cholangiocytes [27]. It has been reported that hypervascular versus hypovascular IMCC on arterial phase CT correlates with reduced malignant behaviour and better survival [13][14][15]28]. In a previous study, welldifferentiated tumours were found to have greater enhancement on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI than moderately or poorly differentiated IMCCs [16].…”

“…There have been a few reports indicating that the imaging findings of IMCC correlate with prognosis [12][13][14][15]. IMCCs with abundant tumour fibrous stroma, defined as "scirrhous type", exhibit a delayed enhancement area on CT, which correlates with poor prognosis [12].…”

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and cholangiolocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis and chronic viral hepatitis

“…A serum AFP level of >20 ng/mL is reported in approximately 20-25 % of ICC patients, and abnormal levels of AFP are often associated with cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis [47][48][49][50]. Recently, AFP-producing ICC cells were reported and the cancer cells expressed some stem cell markers [51,52].…”