Mass inequalities for baryons with heavy quarks
Abstract: Baryons with one or more heavy quarks have been shown, in the context of a nonrelativistic description, to exhibit mass inequalities under permutations of their quarks, when spin averages are taken. These inequalities sometimes are invalidated when spin-dependent forces are taken into account. A notable instance is the inequality 2Eunless care is taken to remove effects of spin-spin interactions. Thus in the quark-level analog of nuclear fusion, the reactions Λ b Λ b → Ξ bb N and Λ c Λ c → Ξ ++ cc n are exothe… Show more
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Cited by 6 publications
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Spectroscopic parameters and widths of the fully open-flavor axial-vector and pseudoscalar tetraquarks $$X_{\textrm{AV}}$$ X AV and $$X_{\textrm{PS}}$$ X PS with content $$[ud][{\overline{c}}{\overline{s}}]$$ [ u d ] [ c ¯ s ¯ ] are calculated by means of the QCD sum rule methods. Masses and current couplings of $$X_{\textrm{AV}}$$ X AV and $$X_{\textrm{PS}}$$ X PS are found using two-point sum rule computations performed by taking into account various vacuum condensates up to dimension 10. The full width of the axial-vector state $$X_{\textrm{AV}}$$ X AV is evaluated by including into analysis S-wave decay modes $$X_{\textrm{AV}}\rightarrow D^{*}(2010)^{-}K^{+}$$ X AV → D ∗ ( 2010 ) - K + , $${\overline{D}}^{*}(2007)^{0}K^{0}$$ D ¯ ∗ ( 2007 ) 0 K 0 , $$D^{-}K^{*}(892)^{+}$$ D - K ∗ ( 892 ) + , and $${\overline{D}}^{0}K^{*}(892)^{0}$$ D ¯ 0 K ∗ ( 892 ) 0 . In the case of $$X_{\textrm{PS}}$$ X PS , we consider S-wave decay $$X_{\textrm{PS}}\rightarrow {\overline{D}} _{0}^{*}(2300)^{0}K^{0}$$ X PS → D ¯ 0 ∗ ( 2300 ) 0 K 0 , and P-wave processes $$X_{\textrm{PS}}\rightarrow D^{-}K^{*}(892)^{+}$$ X PS → D - K ∗ ( 892 ) + and $$X_{\textrm{PS}}\rightarrow {\overline{D}} ^{0}K^{*}(892)^{0}$$ X PS → D ¯ 0 K ∗ ( 892 ) 0 . To determine partial widths of these decay modes, we employ the QCD light-cone sum rule method and soft-meson approximation, which are necessary to estimate strong couplings at tetraquark–meson–meson vertices $$X_{\textrm{AV}}D^{-}D^{*}(2010)^{-}K^{+} $$ X AV D - D ∗ ( 2010 ) - K + , etc. Our predictions for the mass $$m_{\textrm{AV}}=(2800 \pm 75)~\text {MeV}$$ m AV = ( 2800 ± 75 ) MeV and width $$\Gamma _{\textrm{AV}}=(58 \pm 10)~\text {MeV}$$ Γ AV = ( 58 ± 10 ) MeV of the tetraquark $$X_{ \textrm{AV}}$$ X AV , as well as results $$m_{\textrm{PS}}=(3000 \pm 60)~\text {MeV} $$ m PS = ( 3000 ± 60 ) MeV and $$\Gamma _{\textrm{PS}}=(65 \pm 12)~\text {MeV}$$ Γ PS = ( 65 ± 12 ) MeV for the same parameters of $$X_{\textrm{PS}}$$ X PS may be useful in future experimental studies of multiquark hadrons.
Spectroscopic parameters and widths of the fully open-flavor axial-vector and pseudoscalar tetraquarks $$X_{\textrm{AV}}$$ X AV and $$X_{\textrm{PS}}$$ X PS with content $$[ud][{\overline{c}}{\overline{s}}]$$ [ u d ] [ c ¯ s ¯ ] are calculated by means of the QCD sum rule methods. Masses and current couplings of $$X_{\textrm{AV}}$$ X AV and $$X_{\textrm{PS}}$$ X PS are found using two-point sum rule computations performed by taking into account various vacuum condensates up to dimension 10. The full width of the axial-vector state $$X_{\textrm{AV}}$$ X AV is evaluated by including into analysis S-wave decay modes $$X_{\textrm{AV}}\rightarrow D^{*}(2010)^{-}K^{+}$$ X AV → D ∗ ( 2010 ) - K + , $${\overline{D}}^{*}(2007)^{0}K^{0}$$ D ¯ ∗ ( 2007 ) 0 K 0 , $$D^{-}K^{*}(892)^{+}$$ D - K ∗ ( 892 ) + , and $${\overline{D}}^{0}K^{*}(892)^{0}$$ D ¯ 0 K ∗ ( 892 ) 0 . In the case of $$X_{\textrm{PS}}$$ X PS , we consider S-wave decay $$X_{\textrm{PS}}\rightarrow {\overline{D}} _{0}^{*}(2300)^{0}K^{0}$$ X PS → D ¯ 0 ∗ ( 2300 ) 0 K 0 , and P-wave processes $$X_{\textrm{PS}}\rightarrow D^{-}K^{*}(892)^{+}$$ X PS → D - K ∗ ( 892 ) + and $$X_{\textrm{PS}}\rightarrow {\overline{D}} ^{0}K^{*}(892)^{0}$$ X PS → D ¯ 0 K ∗ ( 892 ) 0 . To determine partial widths of these decay modes, we employ the QCD light-cone sum rule method and soft-meson approximation, which are necessary to estimate strong couplings at tetraquark–meson–meson vertices $$X_{\textrm{AV}}D^{-}D^{*}(2010)^{-}K^{+} $$ X AV D - D ∗ ( 2010 ) - K + , etc. Our predictions for the mass $$m_{\textrm{AV}}=(2800 \pm 75)~\text {MeV}$$ m AV = ( 2800 ± 75 ) MeV and width $$\Gamma _{\textrm{AV}}=(58 \pm 10)~\text {MeV}$$ Γ AV = ( 58 ± 10 ) MeV of the tetraquark $$X_{ \textrm{AV}}$$ X AV , as well as results $$m_{\textrm{PS}}=(3000 \pm 60)~\text {MeV} $$ m PS = ( 3000 ± 60 ) MeV and $$\Gamma _{\textrm{PS}}=(65 \pm 12)~\text {MeV}$$ Γ PS = ( 65 ± 12 ) MeV for the same parameters of $$X_{\textrm{PS}}$$ X PS may be useful in future experimental studies of multiquark hadrons.
In this research, we tentatively assign the Tcs(2900) as the A Ā-type tetraquark state, and study the mass spectrum of the tetraquark states with strange and doubly strange which have the spin-parity J P = 0 + , 1 + and 2 + in the framework of the QCD sum rules in details, where the A denotes the axialvector diquark state. The predicted mass M = 2.92 ± 0.12 GeV is in consistent with the experimental values M = 2.892 ± 0.014 ± 0.015 GeV and 2.921 ± 0.017 ± 0.020 GeV from the LHCb collaboration and supports assigning the Tcs(2900) to be the A Ā-type scalar csq q tetraquark state. The predictions for other tetraquark states can be confronted to the experimental data in the future to diagnose the nature of the fully open flavor exotic states.
The past decades witnessed the golden era of hadron physics. Many excited open heavy flavor mesons and baryons have been observed since 2017. We shall provide an updated review of the recent experimental and theoretical progresses in this active field. Besides the conventional heavy hadrons, we shall also review the recently observed open heavy flavor tetraquark states X(2900) and Tcc(3875) as well as the hidden heavy flavor multiquark states X(6900), Pcs(4459), Zcs(3985), Zcs(4000), and Zcs(4220). We will also cover the recent progresses on the glueballs and light hybrid mesons, which are the direct manifestations of the non-Abelian SU(3) gauge interaction of the Quantum Chromodynamics in the low-energy region.
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