Mass Internal Exposure Monitoring of Population in Russia After the Chernobyl Accident

Звонова, И. А.; Bruk, G. Ya.; Kaidanovsky, G.; Ješko, T.; Balonov, Mikhail

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a033060

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…A NaI(Tl) detector (63 mm (∅) × 63 mm) and a single-channel scintillation spectrometer (RFT-20046, Robotron, Germany) were used to perform direct in vivo determination of the 137,134 Cs body burden in about 500 inhabitants yearly from 1991 to 2000 (3,6,13). The measurements were usually conducted in school buildings with brick walls, with comparatively favourable measuring conditions in terms of signal-to-background ratio.…”

Section: Assessment Of Body Burden Of Caesium Radionuclidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The measurements were usually conducted in school buildings with brick walls, with comparatively favourable measuring conditions in terms of signal-to-background ratio. They were carried out with the individual in a sitting position, bending over the detector which was resting in the lap directed towards the abdomen (13,14). The measurement time was 60-100 s. The calibration method for 137 Cs and 134 Cs measurements in vivo was developed in a study with volunteers who ingested known amounts of the radionuclides, and verified with measurements of the same persons in a well-shielded, stationary whole-body counter (15).…”

Section: Assessment Of Body Burden Of Caesium Radionuclidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The coefficient of variation (CV) at that level was estimated to be 50%, and at a body burden of 10 kBq it was estimated to be 20%. A more detailed description of the calibration and calculation methods is given elsewhere (13,15).…”

Section: Assessment Of Body Burden Of Caesium Radionuclidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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External and internal irradiation of a Rural Bryansk (Russia) population from 1990 to 2000, following high deposition of radioactive caesium from the chernobyl accident

Thornberg

Vesanen

Wallström

et al. 2005

Radiat Environ Biophys

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Section: Assessment Of Body Burden Of Caesium Radionuclidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessment Of Body Burden Of Caesium Radionuclidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

External and internal irradiation of a Rural Bryansk (Russia) population from 1990 to 2000, following high deposition of radioactive caesium from the chernobyl accident

Thornberg

Vesanen

Wallström

et al. 2005

Radiat Environ Biophys

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“…However, other parameters are also to be taken into account when subjects are measured after a nuclear emergency: the spectrum and intensity of the background radiation (Gavrilin et al 1999, Zvonova et al 2000, Likhtarev et al 2006, which influence the minimum detectable activity, the dimension of the screened subject who shields the background radiation (Likhtarev et al 2006), and the contribution of extra-thyroid but internalised radionuclides, which are recorded in the detectors (Likhtarev et al 2006, Kurihara et al 2013. When the dose has to be assessed from the measurements, other sources of uncertainties also have to be taken into account: the time and route of intake (Likhtarev et al 2006, Kim et al 2016, the chemical form of the radionuclides (Stepanenko et al 1996) and the uncertainties of the biokinetic and dosimetric models (Bouville et al 1996).…”

Section: Uncertainties Applying To Dose Assessment Of Measured Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic experimental study of parameters influencing 131-iodinein vivospectroscopic measurements using age-specific thyroid phantoms

Beaumont¹,

Rimlinger²,

Broggio³

et al. 2018

J. Radiol. Prot.

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In case of nuclear accident, the internal exposure monitoring of the population will preferably focus on the detection of I in the thyroid by in vivo monitoring. In most cases, the calibration of in vivo monitoring is performed with an adult thyroid phantom, which raises doubts regarding the relevance of child exposure assessment. In this study, the influence on the calibration of the thyroid volume, the counting distance and the positioning variations are studied experimentally in a systematic way. A NaI and a germanium detector along with a realistic age-specific set of four thyroid phantoms were used to carry out this study. The thyroid phantom volumes correspond to the following ages: 5, 10, 15 and adult. It was found that the counting efficiency varies linearly with the thyroid volumes for both detectors and whatever the phantom-detector distance is. The variation in counting distance strongly influences the measurement. Whatever the thyroid volume, a 30% difference in efficiency was found between the measurement at the contact and 1 cm for the NaI detector. A mathematical model giving the variation of the counting efficiency as a function of phantom-detector distance is provided. The study of positioning uncertainty has shown that the lateral/vertical displacements induce negligible efficiency variations and that it is relatively independent of the thyroid volume. The counting distance is a major parameter, which must be considered to assess the uncertainty of the subjects' measurements. The data reported here might serve to extract useful orders of magnitude when similar detectors are used. For other detectors, a similar trend might be expected and the information provided here could reduce the amount of experimental work needed to obtain it.

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“…A Nal(Tl) detector (63 mm (0) x 63 mm) and a single-channel scintillation spectrometer (RFT-20046, Robotron, Germany) were used to perform direct in vivo determination of the 1 3 7 , l 3 4 Cs body burden in about 500 inhabitants every year from 1991 to 1998 [3, 5,10]. The measurements were carried out with the individual in a sitting position, bending over the detector which was resting in the lap directed towards the abdomen.…”

Section: Assessment Of Body Burden Of Caesium Radionuclidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term external and internal irradiation of inhabitants in an area highly contaminated by the Chernobyl accident

et al. 2002

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Abstract. From 1990 to 1998, estimations of the effective dose from external and internal irradiation due to l37 Cs and >,A Cs were carried out for inhabitants in rural villages in theBryansk region, Russia, highly contaminated due to the Chernobyl accident in 1986. Yearly expeditions were conducted in autumn. The external effective dose was estimated from measurements with thermoluminescent (TL)-dosemeters worn by the participants during one month each year. The internal effective dose was estimated from measurements of the urinary concentration of caesium radionuclides, together with measurements of the body content using a portable detector. The mean effective dose from external and internal irradiation varied between 1.2 and 2.5 mSv per year between 1990 and 1998. The total mean effective dose decreased, on average, 7% per year, while the mean external dose decreased by 15% per year. The dose rate from internal irradiation decreased more slowly than the dose rate from external irradiation, showing large variations from year to year depending to a great extent on dietary habits. The contribution from the external dose to the total dose was between 50-70%, depending on the village. The cumulated effective dose for the 70-year period after the accident was calculated to be 100 mSv with the assumption that both internal and external dose will decrease by 2% per year.

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Mass Internal Exposure Monitoring of Population in Russia After the Chernobyl Accident

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

External and internal irradiation of a Rural Bryansk (Russia) population from 1990 to 2000, following high deposition of radioactive caesium from the chernobyl accident

External and internal irradiation of a Rural Bryansk (Russia) population from 1990 to 2000, following high deposition of radioactive caesium from the chernobyl accident

A systematic experimental study of parameters influencing 131-iodinein vivospectroscopic measurements using age-specific thyroid phantoms

Long-term external and internal irradiation of inhabitants in an area highly contaminated by the Chernobyl accident

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