Mass modeling of strawberry (Fragaria × Ananasa) based on selected physical attributes

Abstract

Strawberry (Fragaria  ananasa) is one of the most popular soft and delicious fruits used as such or for flavor production. In this study, different physical characteristics such as dimensions, weight, volume, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, and projected areas were determined and the prediction of mass based on these physical characteristics was done, using five models: linear, quadratic, power, S-curve, and logarithmic of different size grades (large, medium, and small) and ungraded fruits. The results showed that the mass modeling of ungraded fruits resulted in the best model fitting as compared to the graded fruits. The linear model (M = À2.874 + 0.001 V) based on the actual volume of ungraded fruits was the best-fitted model, having the highest R 2 value of 0.996 for the prediction of mass of strawberry. Among all the graded fruits, the most appropriate model was linearly based (M = À2.45 + 0.001 V) on the actual volume of the large size strawberry with an R 2 value of 0.984. The results showed that the models based on the actual volume were the most appropriate models in both graded and ungraded fruits. Practical ApplicationsFruit grading based on mass is an important feature of packaging since it reduces the handling wastage and transport resources by improving packaging formations and also optimizes the marketability of products. Fruits of uniform size, shape, and weight are generally preferred by consumers. Horticultural crops are usually graded based on size, appearance, and weight. Fruit mass is generally used as a grading parameter in automatic graders because of its accuracy and effectiveness of the operation.

Mass modeling of potato cultivars with different shape index by physical characteristics

“…There has been a consistent series of publications focused on the mass modeling of different fruits, reiterating the importance and significance of the technique. The literature corroborated the recommendation of various mass model equations by several researchers, for example, for cantaloupe (Seyedabadi et al, 2011), persimmon (Shahbazi & Rahmati, 2014), kinnow mandarin (Mahawar et al, 2019), dried ash gourd (Gade et al, 2020), ber (Abdel-Sattar et al, 2021), strawberry (Birania et al, 2022), and guava (Bibwe et al, 2022) based on their physical attributes (dimensions, projected area, and volume) are reported. The authors in their studies have analyzed the effect of size grading and correlated it with the mass of the selected products, further recommending models for the development of grading systems.…”

“…Sasikumar et al (2021) have recommended the quadratic model based on “ w ” of blood fruit owing to the highest R 2 of .984, and model equation m = 26.887 w 2 − 0.463 + 0.019. Birania et al (2022) have recommended the power and s‐curve models based on “ Gmd ” for ungraded strawberries with R 2 (.949) and SEE (.062).…”

“…The parameters like size, shape, mass, color, and appearance offer more importance for uniform grading of the agricultural produce. The uniform distribution of the products based on the mentioned criteria is helpful in attaining an optimized packaging configuration and minimized packaging and handling expenses (Abdel‐Sattar et al, 2021; Birania et al, 2022). However, the classification of the commodities offers complications when the products having similar appearances vary in their corresponding mass, and therefore the significance of mass‐based grading is gaining prominence.…”

Some Engineering Properties of Pineapple Fruit

“…The shape of a food material is usually expressed in terms of its sphericity. The sphericity of each pineapple fruit was calculated based on Equation (4) given by Bhore et al (2015), Azman et al (2020), andBirania et al (2022).…”

“…The aspect ratio (R a ) was obtained using the following relationship Equation (5) as recommended by Azman et al (2020) and Birania et al (2022).…”