Mass mortality event of the blood cockle, Anadara granosa, in aquaculture ground along Selangor coast, Peninsular Malaysia

Abstract

A mass mortality event of blood cockles, Anadara granosa, occurred in aquaculture ground in Selangor in mid-February 2012. To identify factors contributing to this event, we estimated the changes in survival rate and population density of the blood cockles using data from field surveys carried out in late-January and mid-March, 2012. In addition, blood cockle samples were used for histological observation of various tissues with a light microscope. Furthermore, we examined the environmental factors that seemed to be involved in this mass mortality event using environmental data obtained in two surveys and weather data for the Selangor region from late-January to mid-March 2012. As a result of the field surveys and the histological observation, the mortality was estimated to be 30 % over, and the blood cockles were shown to be in the spawning season at this time of year. In addition, numerous individuals collected in mid-March had no food in the digestive duct, which suggested low food availability. Precipitation data for the Selangor region showed rainfall of 30 mm/day over four days in mid-February, which suggested an impact of freshwater flooding from rivers on the aquaculture ground. Normally, the blood cockles are tolerant to low-salinity environments. However, the fact that the flooding and associated environmental changes occurred, when the population was debilitated by reproductive activity, may have led to the mass mortality event in association with low food availability.

Distribution and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna in three repeated operating ages of the blood cockle Anadara granosa cultivation in Bandon Bay, Suratthani Province, Southern Thailand

“…The input of organic matter into the sediment can lead to a series of changes in physical and chemical parameters, which in turn have both direct and indirect effects on the benthic fauna communities as well as the growth and mortality of cockle in this area. This is in accordance with the previous studies of Yurimoto, Kassim, Fuseya, & Man, 2014;Ramli, Hassan, &Ramachandran, 2014 andMirsadeghi, Zakaria, Yap, &Gobas, 2013;Davenport & Wong, 1986. Yurimoto et al, (2014 reported that a mass mortality event of the blood cockle A. granosa in aquaculture ground in 2012 may have resulted from an impact of freshwater flooding from rivers on the aquaculture ground such as low-salinity environments and low food availability.…”

“…This is in accordance with the previous studies of Yurimoto, Kassim, Fuseya, & Man, ; Ramli, Hassan, & Ramachandran, and Mirsadeghi, Zakaria, Yap, & Gobas, ; Davenport & Wong, . Yurimoto et al, () reported that a mass mortality event of the blood cockle A. granosa in aquaculture ground in 2012 may have resulted from an impact of freshwater flooding from rivers on the aquaculture ground such as low‐salinity environments and low food availability. However, blood cockle normally exhibit resistance to low salinity.…”

“…Moreover, Phodfueang et al, (2015) reported that the Tapi River is the main river Davenport & Wong, 1986. Moreover, Phodfueang et al, (2015) reported that the Tapi River is the main river Davenport & Wong, 1986.…”

Kondisi Biometrik Kerang Darah, Tegillarca granosa, di Pesisir Pantai Utara Kota Banda Aceh

“…Sementara itu, berdasarkan kandungan nutrien, kerang darah mengandung protein 18,91%, lemak 2,66%, karbohidrat 4,16%, serta beberapa komponen mineral lainnya yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan (Chi et al 2015;Sukina et al 2020) Kerang darah umumnya terdistribusi pada daerah pasang surut dengan komposisi sedimen berupa lumpur dan lumpur berpasir (Joni et al 2019). Kerang darah mampu berkembang dengan baik pada kisaran salinitas mulai dari 26 sampai 31 ppt (Yurimoto et al 2014). Di samping itu, parameter fisika-kimiawi air dan sedimen lainnya, seperti kandungan C-organik serta polutan juga ikut memengaruhi kelangsungan hidup pertumbuhan kerang darah (Hashim et al 2020;Mohamat-Yusuff et al 2020;Yurimoto et al 2021).…”

“…Sejauh ini, kajian lebih dalam terkait variasi genetik, pengaruh ketersediaan makanan, dan kompetisi dalam ekosistem yang dihuni oleh kerang darah, khususnya dari lokasi penelitian masih belum ditemukan. Yurimoto et al (2014) Parapenaeopsis stylifera) untuk mendapatkan jenis makanan yang sama berupa mikroalga dan detritus.…”