Mass production of biosensors

Alvarez-Icaza, Manuel; Bilitewski, Ursula

doi:10.1021/ac00059a001

Cited by 188 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Many biosensors with glucose oxidase 3,4) have been developed for the determination of glucose in blood, plasma, serum, food and medicine.…”

Section: Award Review Article 2008 Shikata International Medalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flow-injection Electrochemical Biosensors with Multiple Functions

Yao

2009

Rev. Polarogr.

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As analytical reagents, enzymes offer two characteristics of paramount importance: high selectivity (and occasionally specificity) and the capability of self-regeneration via the catalytic cycle. The first of these properties is widely recognized and used; the second normally requires the use of immobilized enzymes. In addition, if the immobilized enzymes are used in the flow systems, handling is minimized and reproducibility is enhanced. On the other hand, electrochemical detection eliminates many of the difficulties encountered in photometric detection, such as the overlap of adsorbing species and turbidity. Therefore, highly selective flow-sensor systems for biochemical analysis are proposed by coupling immobilized enzymes with electrochemical sensors. In principle, they can be divided into two types. The first of these types is the enzyme electrode in which the immobilized enzyme is in direct contact with the electrochemical sensor. In the second type, the enzyme, immobilized on a solid support (enzyme reactor), is incorporated in the flow line into which the analyte is injected and the product generated is detected with an electrochemical sensor downstream.A general view of these applications and recent developments is given here with the hope of providing a practical perspective of the use of enzymes in the various flow-injection systems.

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“…Many biosensors with glucose oxidase 3,4) have been developed for the determination of glucose in blood, plasma, serum, food and medicine.…”

Section: Award Review Article 2008 Shikata International Medalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biosensors for lactate, ethanol, sucrose, and so on, have been also prepared and some of them are commercially available 4) . Thus, biosensor with the FIA is based on the injection of a liquid sample into a moving, nonsegmented continuous carrier stream.…”

Section: Award Review Article 2008 Shikata International Medalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow-injection Electrochemical Biosensors with Multiple Functions

Yao

2009

Rev. Polarogr.

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“…28 The screen-printing technology has found wide use for analytical applications because of its low cost, which makes possible the mass production of electrodes and the development of practical in situ analysis. [29][30][31][32] We reported the application of nafion-coated glassy carbon electrode modified with catechinhydrate and a basal plane pyrolytic graphite electrode modified with immobilization of multiwall-carbon nanotubes for the voltammetric and amperometric detection of dopamine and epinephrine in the presence of ascorbic acid. 33,34 In the present study, the possibility of screen-printed electrodes modified with iridium oxide film to the electrocatalytic oxidation of catecholamines was investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disposable Amperometric Sensor for Neurotransmitters Based on Screen-Printed Electrodes Modified with a Thin Iridium Oxide Film

2005

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Adrenaline and dopamine are very important catecholamine neurotransmitters in the mammalian central nervous system. Catecholamine drugs are also used to treat hypertension, bronchial asthma and organic heart disease, and are used in cardiac surgery and myocardial infraction. [1][2][3][4] The determination of catecholamines and their metabolites in body fluids, such as urine, plasma and serum, is one of the most important ways to evaluate the activity of the sympathetic nervous system and support the diagnosis of many diseases in fields of clinical medicine. Several highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods with online purification have been described for use in the analysis of catecholamines in biological samples using either fluorescence detection, [5][6][7] on-line chemical derivatization followed by fluorescence detection, [8][9][10][11] capillary electrophoresis 12,13 or flow injection analysis. 14,15 These methods generally have good sensitivity and reproducibility, and can meet practical requirements, but require expensive instruments, a well-controlled experimental condition and profound sample making. Therefore, simple methods are expected and attention has been paid to them. Electrochemical detection offers several advantages, including remarkable sensitivity, inherent minituralization and portability, independence of the optical path length or sample turbidity, low cost, low power requirements and high compatibility with advanced micromachining technologies. Because of the simple procedure and high sensitivity of electroanalysis and the electroactivity of catecholamines, studying and measuring catecholamines with electrochemical methods were carried out. HPLC coupled with electrochemical detection has been used for simultaneously measuring catecholamines. [16][17][18] In most of these applications, the use of bare electrodes for the electrochemical detection of catecholamines has a number of limitations, such as low sensitivity and reproducibility, a slow electron-transfer reaction, low stability over a wide range of solution composition and a high overpotential, at which the electron transfer process occurs. In order to maintain the stability of the electrode responses and also to improve the analytical characteristics of the detection of substrates, a chemical modification or electrochemical pretreatments should be applied to the working electrode.Gold electrodes modified with a self-assembled monolayer of 3-mercaptopropionic acid, 19 a glassy carbon electrode modified with cobalt(II) hexacyanoferrate films, 20 a glassy carbon electrodes modified with multiwall carbon nanotubes, 21 Pt and GC electrode modified with electropolymerization of luminal, 22 a L-cysteine self-assembled monolayer modified gold electrode, 23 a glassy carbon electrode modified with C60-dimethyl(β-cyclodextrine)2, 24 and a polyisonicotinic acid modified glassy carbon electrode, 25 have been used for the determination of catecholamines. Unfortunately, most modified electrodes used for catecholamines detection have cer...

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“…11 Therefore, the scientific community is exerting great efforts in this direction, as is proved by the high amount of papers published during the last few years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect Determination of Alkaline Phosphatase Based on the Amperometric Detection of Indigo Carmine at a Screen-Printed Electrode in a Flow System

2002

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Amperometric analysis of indigo carmine at a bare screen-printed electrode placed in an FIA system is reported. This compound is easily detected at a potential of -0.3 V (vs. Ag pseudo-reference electrode) without observing any fouling of the electrode surface, thus allowing the repetitive use of the same electrode in a reproducible manner (coefficients of variation down to 7% for more than 20 consecutive determinations). A linear range of three orders of magnitude and a limit of detection in the sub-micromolar range were attained for this molecule. Based on these studies, indirect amperometric measurements of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in solution were easily carried out using 3-indoxyl phosphate substrate. Its hydrolysis catalyzed by ALP gave rise to indigo product. This product is insoluble in aqueous solutions but it was easily converted into its soluble parent compound, indigo carmine, by addition of fuming sulfuric acid to the reaction media. Using this approach, we achieved a linear range of more than one order of magnitude and a limit of detection of 1 U/l ALP, for an enzymatic reaction time of 60 min.

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Mass production of biosensors

Cited by 188 publications

References 20 publications

Flow-injection Electrochemical Biosensors with Multiple Functions

Flow-injection Electrochemical Biosensors with Multiple Functions

Disposable Amperometric Sensor for Neurotransmitters Based on Screen-Printed Electrodes Modified with a Thin Iridium Oxide Film

Indirect Determination of Alkaline Phosphatase Based on the Amperometric Detection of Indigo Carmine at a Screen-Printed Electrode in a Flow System

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