Mass Production of Entomopathogenic Fungi: State of the Art

Jaronski, Stefan T.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-391453-8.00011-x

Cited by 82 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 163 publications

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“…In fact, all commercial isolates are strictly purified, classified, tested (germination, sporulation, virulence, pathogenicity, thermal range, etc.) for mass production (Seema et al, 2013;Jaronski, 2014) and commercially distributed in their monosporic (single-spore) state. Until now, the predominant thinking has been that isolates must come from a single spore culture for two main reasons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entomopathogenic fungi: Are polisporic isolates more pathogenic than monosporic strains?

Sammaritano¹,

Leclerque²,

Deymié³

et al. 2017

Rev. Soc. Entomol. Arg.

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https://doi.org/10.25085/rsea.763406Hongos entomopatógenos: ¿Son los aislamientos polispóricos más patógenos que las cepas monospóricas? RESUMEN. Actualmente existen varias cepas de hongos entomopatógenos utilizadas para la fabricación de bio-insecticidas comerciales. Sin embargo, la selección de éstas sigue algunas pautas como la obtención y evaluación de cepas monospóricas (cultivo en masa de microorganismos que provienen de una sola espora) Las principales razones para el uso de cultivos monospóricos en lugar de cultivos polispóricos son: la virulencia atenuada y los posibles "contaminantes" de la misma especie. En este estudio, diferentes aislamientos polispóricos y sus combinaciones monospóricas se pusieron a prueba para evaluar su eficacia respecto a larvas de Tenebrio molitor (L.) como insecto modelo. Los aislamientos polispóricos de hongos entomopatógenos fueron obtenidos de muestras de suelo de regiones agrícolas áridas. Se seleccionaron cuatro aislamientos polispóricos de Metarhizium sp. (Metschn.) (CEP413, CEP589, CEP590 y CEP591) para los bioensayos. Se realizaron pruebas de patogenicidad para evaluar la mortalidad en tres tratamientos, Polispórico completo (FP), Polispórico parcial (PP) y Monospórico puro (PM). La mortalidad acumulada se midió al día 4 después de la infección. El porcentaje de esporulación se evaluó al día 6 después de la infección. La mayor mortalidad se encontró en el tratamiento PF (94%), la menor mortalidad en el día 4 se encontró en PM-CEP413 (32%). Al día 6 el porcentaje de esporulación fue mayor en FP (94%) y fue diferente del resto de tratamientos. Elucidar diferentes combinaciones polispóricas y monospóricas para aumentar la eficacia de las aplicaciones es crucial para ayudar a expandir el uso de bio-insecticidas basados en hongos entomopatógenos. ABSTRACT. Currently only monosporic strains from several entomopathogenic fungi have been selected and used for mass production and bioinsecticide manufacturing worldwide. The main reasons for the use of single spore instead of multispore strains are the attenuated virulence and the contaminants of the same species. In this study, different polisporic isolates and their monosporic combinations were tested against Tenebrio molitor (L.) larvae as an insect model. Isolates were obtained from arid soils. Four Metarhizium sp. (Metschn.) multisporic isolates (CEP413, CEP589, CEP590 and CEP591) were selected for bioassays. Trials were performed to evaluate mortality on three treatments, Full Polisporic (FP), Partial Polisporic (PP) and Pure Monosporic (PM). Cumulative mortality was measured at day 4 post infection. Sporulation percentage was assessed at day 6 post infection. The highest mortality was found at FP treatment (94%), the lowest mortality at day 4 was found at PM-CEP413 (32%). At day 6 the sporulation percentage was higher on FP (94%) and it was different from the rest of the treatments. To elucidate different polisporic and monosporic combinations to improve their effectiveness, may help to expand the use of bioinsecticides b...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entomopathogenic fungi: Are polisporic isolates more pathogenic than monosporic strains?

Sammaritano¹,

Leclerque²,

Deymié³

et al. 2017

Rev. Soc. Entomol. Arg.

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“…Tot în condiții de laborator, o sușă de B. bassiana izolată din Liban s-a dovedit a fi mai eficientă decât Dimilin SC48 când s-a aplicat asupra ouălor sau larvelor (L1-L3) de Cephalcia tan nourinensis Chevin 2002, lăsând să se între-vadă posibilitatea utilizării acestei ciuperci în combaterea defoliatorului în stadiu de larvă activă (Abdo et al, 2008). Actualmente există numeroase produse comerciale pe bază de B. bassiana (Jaronski 2014), dar nu se cunosc experimente de teren în care asemenea produse să fi fost testate împotriva larvelor sau nimfelor de C. abietis.…”

Section: Oleniciunclassified

Cephalcia abietis (L.) (Hymenoptera: Pamphiliidae) - un nou dăunător al pădurilor de molid din România

Olenici¹

2017

Bucov. For.

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Olenici N., 2017. Cephalcia abietis (L.) (Hymenoptera: Pamphiliidae) -a new pest of the Norway spruce forests in Romania. Bucov. For. 17(1): 7-36.Abstract. Defoliation of some Norway spruce stands, caused by Cephalcia abi etis, was first reported in Romania in the autumn of 2015. The outbreak has affected 58 ha in the Eastern Carpathians and 190 ha in the Southern Carpathians. The species was previously known only as a faunistic element in the country and very little information on its biology, ecology, detection, forecast and population control is available in the Romanian literature. This paper is a synthesis of information concerning the web-spinning spruce sawfly, whose aim is to fill the knowledge gap. C. abietis is a species with a vast distribution area, but repeated outbreaks were reported especially from Central Europe. In the outbreak areas, the most insects of a generation need 2-3 years to complete their development, so that an intense flight and a stronger defoliation take place every 2-3 years. Although mortality factors affecting the populations of C. abietis are very numerous, they fail to keep defoliator populations under control and outbreaks may extend for a long time. Mass multiplication occurs mainly in pure Norway spruce stands older than 60 years, at medium altitudes (600-1000 m), in places exposed to periodic drought or pollution. Biological and ecological peculiarities of this species make the prognosis of defoliation much more labor intensive than that for other defoliators, although quite uncertain. The chemical control, with partially selective insecticides (chitin synthesis inhibitors), was usual during recent decades, while biological control is still in the experimental phase. Consequently, greater emphasis should be placed on preventing mass multiplication of this species. Keywords spruce web-spinning sawfly, biology, ecology, outbreaks, detection, control. IntroducereModificările suferite de ecosistemele terestre fac ca unele organisme să aibă de suferit, să îşi reducă efectivele populaţionale şi în unele cazuri să dispară, astfel încât în prezent se consideră că suntem în faţa celui de al 6-lea mare val de extincţii în masă din îndelungata istorie

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“…Commercial EPF can be mass-produced in two types of fermentation process, solid substrate fermentation and submerged liquid fermentation, as reviewed by Jaronski (2013).…”

Section: Mass Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The solid substrate fermentation generally uses organic, nutritive materials, mainly grains such as rice and barley, as substrates for the Ascomycetes (a complete list of organic substrates is presented in Bartlett and Jaronski (1988) and Jaronski (2013)). In recent years, several inorganic substrates have been evaluated.…”

Section: Mass Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainable Horticultural Systems

Nandwani¹

2014

Sustainable Development and Biodiversity

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This book series provides complete, comprehensive and broad subject based reviews about existing biodiversity of different habitats and conservation strategies in the framework of different technologies, ecosystem diversity, and genetic diversity. The ways by which these resources are used with sustainable management and replenishment are also dealt with. The topics of interest include but are not restricted only to sustainable development of various ecosystems and conservation of hotspots, traditional methods and role of local people, threatened and endangered species, global climate change and effect on biodiversity, invasive species, impact of various activities on biodiversity, biodiversity conservation in sustaining livelihoods and reducing poverty, and technologies available and required. The books in this series will be useful to botanists, environmentalists, marine biologists, policy makers, conservationists, and NGOs working for environment protection.More information about this series at

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Mass Production of Entomopathogenic Fungi: State of the Art

Cited by 82 publications

References 163 publications

Entomopathogenic fungi: Are polisporic isolates more pathogenic than monosporic strains?

Entomopathogenic fungi: Are polisporic isolates more pathogenic than monosporic strains?

Cephalcia abietis (L.) (Hymenoptera: Pamphiliidae) - un nou dăunător al pădurilor de molid din România

Sustainable Horticultural Systems

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