Mass Production of the Beneficial Nematode Steinernema carpocapsae Using Solid State Fermentation

Abstract

Steinernema carpocapsae is a microscopic entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) that may be used as an alternative to chemical pesticide. This species creates a symbiotic relationship with the bacteria Xenorhabdus nematophila. This biological control agent has many advantages compared to chemical pesticides as it does not harm either the environment or humans. Steinernema carpocapsae is a vector for the bacteria to infect the targeted insect pest. The bacteria kills the host within 24-48 hours. This paper focuses on the mass production of beneficial nematodes using solid state fermentation. The purpose of the experiment was to find the optimum conditions to mass produce the nematode efficiently. Maximizing yield with the minimalized nutrients will increase the cost efficiency of production, making it a more affordable attractive alternative to harmful chemical pesticides. 

Biological Control Technology Utilizing Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema carpocapsae

“…Mass culturing of EPNs through in vitro methods requires in-depth knowledge of nematode biology and the technologies involved in the production (Vashisth et al, 2013). A production medium must be formulated that provides an optimal chemical environment for the nematodes as well as the symbiont bacteria (Inman et al, 2012;Alsaidi et al, 2017). The general in vitro liquid state process is as follows: a nutrient-rich liquid medium is created and mixed with antifoam, autoclaved, inoculated with bacteria and then IJ3 nematodes.…”

Optimization of in vitro solid culture of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) HBH hybrid strain

“…Production media has significant impact on yield (Ramakuwela et al, 2016;Alsaidi et al, 2018). There are many different solid media for EPN production.…”