Mass production of the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae CABA01, through the submerged monoxenic culture in two internal-loop airlift bioreactors with some geometric differences

Chavarría-Hernández, Norberto; Maciel-Vergara, Gabriela; Chavarría-Hernández, Juan-Carlos; Castro-Rosas, Javier; Rodríguez-Pastrana, Blanca-Rosa; Torre-Martínez, Mayra de la; Rodríguez-Hernández, Adriana-Inés

doi:10.1016/j.bej.2011.03.011

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The successful culturing of S. yirgalemense in vitro led to valuable information being gained in the current study. The maximum population density of 75,000 IJs ml − 1 on day 13 after inoculation in the Erlenmeyer flasks was relatively low with regard to the potential of 250,000 IJs ml − 1 obtained using internal-loop airlift bioreactors (Chavarría-Hernández et al , 2011). However, the liquid culture production of S. yirgalemense requires further investigation, especially regarding the production of IJs within a single generation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Development and population dynamics of Steinernema yirgalemense (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) and growth characteristics of its associated Xenorhabdusindica symbiont in liquid culture

2015

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Entomopathogenic nematodes have become a valuable addition to the range of biological control agents available for insect control. An endemic nematode, Steinernema yirgalemense, has been found to be effective against a wide range of key insect pests. The next step would be the mass production this nematode for commercial application. This requires the establishment of monoxenic cultures of both the nematode and the symbiotic bacterium Xenorhabdus indica. First-stage juveniles of S. yirgalemense were obtained from eggs, while X. indica was isolated from nematode-infected wax moth larvae. The population density of the various life stages of S. yirgalemense during the developmental phase in liquid culture was determined. The recovery of infective juveniles (IJs) to the third-stage feeding juveniles, was 67 ± 10%, reaching a maximum population density of 75,000 IJs ml- 1 on day 13 after inoculation. Adult density increased after 8 days, with the maximum female density being 4600 ml- 1 on day 15, whereas the maximum male density was 4300 ml- 1 on day 12. Growth curves for X. indica showed that the exponential phase was reached 15 h after inoculation to the liquid medium. The stationary phase was reached after 42 h, with an average of 51 × 107 colony-forming units ml- 1. Virulence tests showed a significant difference in insect mortality between in vitro- and in vivo-produced nematodes. The success obtained with the production of S. yirgalemense in liquid culture can serve as the first step in the optimizing and upscaling of the commercial production of nematodes in fermenters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Development and population dynamics of Steinernema yirgalemense (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) and growth characteristics of its associated Xenorhabdusindica symbiont in liquid culture

2015

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“…The scale bar represents 1 × 10 −5 IJs/ml. R1 – Chavarría‐Hernández et al (2011): internal‐loop airlift bioreactor, fermentation R1 using internal geometry h/d = 5.328 at 22°C during 16 days; R2 – Chavarría‐Hernández et al (2011): internal‐loop airlift bioreactor, fermentation R2 using internal geometry h/d ratio = 2.894 at 22°C during 16 days; R2 – Chavarría‐Hernández et al (2010): fermentation R2 using internal draft tube and axial custom impeller at 22°C during 16 days; F1 – Chavarría‐Hernández et al (2007): internal‐loop airlift bioreactor, fermentation F1 using a standard draft tube and whey‐based culture medium at 22°C during 20 days; Neves, Simões et al (2001): using an external‐loop airlift bioreactor at 23°C, during 15 days; Friedman et al (1989): using 125‐ml flasks at 25°C and 150 rpm during 8 days. EPN, entomopathogenic nematode [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]…”

Section: The Production Process Of Bacteria–nematode Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, maintaining a homogeneous distribution of nematodes in vessels, and providing enough oxygen supply at acceptable shear forces has motivated the use of geometric modifications to cause vertical circulation of culture broth. In mechanically agitated airlift bioreactors, the mixing is favored by the use of proper impellers and an inner cylinder (Chavarría‐Hernández et al, 2007, 2010, 2011; Chisti & Jauregui‐Haza, 2002; Ehlers et al,1998; Strauch & Ehlers, 2000). In pneumatically agitated airlift bioreactors, the flow‐through internal or external channels is due to the gas injection (Neves, Simões et al, 2001; Neves, Teixeira et al, 2001).…”

Section: The Production Process Of Bacteria–nematode Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A laboratory or industrial scale, the production of steinernematids in liquid media is also variable. In a 4.22‐L bioreactor with pneumatic agitation and variable aeration rate, Q , for the mass culture of S. carpocapsae CABA01, the IJ yield and the duration time were 252 × 10 3 IJs/ml and 16 days, respectively (Chavarría‐Hernández et al, 2011). Table 4 summarizes the nematodes produced in monoxenic liquid culture, the involved productivity, and the technology used.…”

Section: The Production Process Of Bacteria–nematode Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production of entomopathogenic nematodes in submerged monoxenic culture: A review

Cortés-Martínez

Hernández

2020

Biotech & Bioengineering

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Monoxenic liquid culture is the most suitable technology for scaling up to industrial production of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs); however, the variability of the yield production remains a current problem in the process. The aim of this study was to analyze the parameters and criteria for EPN production in liquid culture based on scientific and technological knowledge from the last two decades. While experimental research has permitted the yield production of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (362 × 10 3 infective juveniles [IJs]/ml) and Steinernema carpocapsae (252 × 10 3 IJs/ml), simultaneously, theoretical approaches have contributed to the understanding of the culture process, based on biological parameters of the bacterium-nematode complex and hydrodynamic and rheological parameters of the complex gas-liquid-solid system. Under this interdisciplinary research approach, bioprocess and biosystem engineering can contribute to design the various control strategies of the process variables, increase the productivity, and reduce the variability that until now distinguishes the in vitro production of EPNs by the liquid culture.

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“…The culture of rhabditid nematodes has continued to be of interest and importance with the evolution of the commercial application of the genera Heterorhabditis and Steinernema as biological control agents of insect pests. Interestingly, when produced in axenic culture, these nematodes are generally less infective of their insect prey than when produced in monoxenic culture (Ehlers et al 1997), and sophisticated monoxenic bioreactor systems have been developed (Chavarría-Hernández et al 2011). However, the conventional wisdom is that nematodes are the only animals for which there is a totally synthetic defined medium in which they are able to reproduce continuously.…”

Section: Linkages and Connectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ellsworth C. Dougherty: A Pioneer in the Selection ofCaenorhabditis elegansas a Model Organism

Ferris

Hieb²

2015

Genetics

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Ellsworth Dougherty was a man of impressive intellectual dimensions and interests; in a relatively short career he contributed enormously as researcher and scholar to the biological knowledge base for selection of Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism in neurobiology, genetics, and molecular biology. He helped guide the choice of strains that were eventually used, and, in particular, he developed the methodology and understanding for the nutrition and axenic culture of nematodes and other organisms. Dougherty insisted upon a concise terminology for culture techniques and coined descriptive neologisms that were justified by their linguistic roots. Among other contributions, he refined the classification system for the Protista.

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Mass production of the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae CABA01, through the submerged monoxenic culture in two internal-loop airlift bioreactors with some geometric differences

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Development and population dynamics of Steinernema yirgalemense (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) and growth characteristics of its associated Xenorhabdusindica symbiont in liquid culture

Development and population dynamics of Steinernema yirgalemense (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) and growth characteristics of its associated Xenorhabdusindica symbiont in liquid culture

Production of entomopathogenic nematodes in submerged monoxenic culture: A review

Ellsworth C. Dougherty: A Pioneer in the Selection ofCaenorhabditis elegansas a Model Organism

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