Mass pyrolysis rates and excess pyrolysate in fully developed enclosure fires

Delichatsios, Michael; Silcock, G. W. H.; Liu, Xijuan; Delichatsios, M.; Lee, Yee-Ping

doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2003.07.006

Cited by 55 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…8a) although they appear to follow the same trend. Namely, for the large pan fire (0.3 m) the slope of the normalized mass loss rate with respect to the normalized ventilation factor is about 0.1 as expected [3,4]. However this slope decreases as the pan size decreases.…”

Section: Mass Loss Rates For Different Sizes Of Pan Fires Openings Amentioning

confidence: 59%

“…This work being part of continuing effort at FireSERT [3,4,8,9] to measure and model fires in enclosures yields the following conclusions:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…According to previous work [3,4], the mass loss rate is normalized by the surface area of the fuel ( Notice that the maximum of the burning rate increases and is expected to occur at higher values of the ventilation factor for the toluene because toluene has greater stochiometric ratio (~15) than oxygenated fuels (~6) (see e.g., [3,4]). In difference with the results in [3,4], the data in Fig. 8a seem to be grouped according to the pan sizes (shown in the legend of Fig.…”

Section: Mass Loss Rates For Different Sizes Of Pan Fires Openings Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is seen there that the temperatures become lower for all the openings (large and small) as the size of the pan reduces owing to the increased significance of heat losses to the walls for smaller fires. Only the data for the large pan fire create temperatures high enough for the analysis and correlations in [3,4] to be applicable.…”

Section: Mass Loss Rates For Different Sizes Of Pan Fires Openings Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…) and the size of the pan [3,4] and (b) the heat flux with the local gas temperature. There are ongoing efforts to produce a correlation for determining the gas temperatures in terms of the heat release rates, the enclosure geometry and the size of the opening.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect Of Fuel Sootiness On The Heat Fluxes To The Walls In Enclosure Fires

Tofiło¹,

Delichatsios²,

Silcock³

2005

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the Eigth International Sy

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Even though considerable work has been performed regarding gas temperatures and burning rates in enclosures, scant information is available for the heat fluxes and their distributions on the walls of an enclosure. These heat fluxes are necessary input for determining the thermal response and performance of the wall materials and especially glazing. The heat fluxes on the wall of an experimental enclosure were deduced from the temperatures in several thermally thin small steel plates (25.4 mm x 25.4 mm x 3 mm thick) and in the insulation surrounding the steel plates. In addition, the mass loss rate and gas temperatures near these heat flux gauges were measured. The experimental enclosure was the 1/3 linear scale of the ISO room corner test having six openings and three square-pans of variable size burning Methanol, IMS (Industrial Methylated Spirits) and Toluene at the corner and in the center of the enclosure. By choosing fuels with an increased degree of sootiness it was found that the heat fluxes do not depend only on the gas temperature, as claimed before for heat fluxes on the floor, but also on the magnitude of the heat release rate and the fuel sootiness. Moreover, comparison of the heat fluxes for methanol, IMS and toluene allow the separation of convective from radiative heat fluxes owing to hot gases (and the enclosure walls) and from the radiative heat fluxes from the fire plume.

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Section: Mass Loss Rates For Different Sizes Of Pan Fires Openings Amentioning

confidence: 59%

“…This work being part of continuing effort at FireSERT [3,4,8,9] to measure and model fires in enclosures yields the following conclusions:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Mass Loss Rates For Different Sizes Of Pan Fires Openings Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mass Loss Rates For Different Sizes Of Pan Fires Openings Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effect Of Fuel Sootiness On The Heat Fluxes To The Walls In Enclosure Fires

Tofiło¹,

Delichatsios²,

Silcock³

2005

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the Eigth International Sy

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Cable tray fire tests in a confined and mechanically ventilated facility

Zavaleta

Audouin

2017

Fire and Materials

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Cable fires are one of the main fire hazards in nuclear power plants. As part of the cable fire spreading (CFS) campaign of the OECD PRISME-2 programme, 3 real-scale cable tray fire testswere performed in open atmosphere (1 CFS support test, named CFSS-2) and in a confined and mechanically ventilated facility (2 CFS tests, named CFS-3 and CFS-4). This study aims at investigating the effects of confined and ventilated conditions on cable tray fires that used a halogen-free flame retardant cable-type. The CFS-3 and CFS-4 tests involved 2 ventilation renewal rates of 4 and 15 h −1 , respectively. The confined conditions lead to decrease the fire growth rate and the peaks of mass loss rate and heat release rate, compared with open atmosphere. The reductions are larger for the lower ventilation renewal rate. Furthermore, it is shown that the CFS-4 test may be classified as a well-ventilated fire and the CFS-3 test as an under-ventilated fire. For this last one, its fire characteristics and its consequences in the fire room highlight an oscillatory behaviour, with the same low frequency, for about 30 minutes.These oscillations arise from successive combustions of unburnt gases.

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Cable tray fire tests with halogenated electric cables in a confined and mechanically ventilated facility

2019

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Summary Cable fires are one of the main fire hazards present in nuclear power plants (NPPs). Therefore, as part of the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) PRISME‐2 project, cable tray fire tests were performed both in open atmosphere conditions and in a confined and mechanically ventilated facility, called DIVA. These tests aim at showing the effects of a confined and ventilated environment on fire characteristics and consequences. This study deals with five fire tests, which used halogenated (poly [vinyl chloride] or PVC) cable types. Two tests were carried out in open atmosphere and three tests in the DIVA facility. The latter used a ventilation renewal rate (VRR) of either 4 or 15 h−1. The confined and ventilated conditions reduced the mass loss rate and heat release rate than did those obtained in open atmosphere. Furthermore, the three confined tests produced unburnt gases, which ignited in the fire room. Two explosions were highlighted for the tests that used a VRR of 4 h−1. These explosions indeed led to fast flame propagations over the entire upper part of the fire room and steep overpressures of almost 150 hPa. The low‐qualified PVC cables and the ventilation set‐up used in this study strongly contributed to the occurrence of these explosions.

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Mass pyrolysis rates and excess pyrolysate in fully developed enclosure fires

Cited by 55 publications

References 4 publications

Effect Of Fuel Sootiness On The Heat Fluxes To The Walls In Enclosure Fires

Effect Of Fuel Sootiness On The Heat Fluxes To The Walls In Enclosure Fires

Cable tray fire tests in a confined and mechanically ventilated facility

Cable tray fire tests with halogenated electric cables in a confined and mechanically ventilated facility

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