Mass recovery of the wastewater of dill seeds produced in the hydro-distillation using the pulsed sieve plate column in comparison with the ultrasound-assisted extraction method

Recent advances in the implementation of ultrasound technology for the extraction of essential oils from terrestrial plant materials: A comprehensive review

“…Utilizing 75 W ultrasound power with a solvent-to-sample ratio of 6.7 mL/g for 240 min led to a yield of 0.42 % (v/w) of EOs. GC–MS analysis confirmed the presence of 28 compounds, with the highest composition being 4-Carvomenthenol (18.75–22.13 %).In another study, by utilizing UAE, EOs from the wastewater of dill seeds were recovered by Najafipour et al [25] . A 6 g powder sample was introduced to a 90 mL methanol-ethanol solvent and subjected to treatment with 400 ultrasound power at a frequency of 24 kHz at 40 °C for 75 min.…”

“…It is also the major compound of EOs obtained from celery seeds [44] , [45] . Carvone, dihydro carvone, and dill apiol were the main compounds found in the EOs of dill seeds [25] . In the EOs obtained from flowers of Jitsugetsu Nishiki, a total of 51 compounds were identified,d and the primary constituents included 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene, tricosane, nerol, and others [46] .…”

“…Furthermore, the inherent scarcity of EOs within plant materials necessitates high-performance extraction techniques to maximize their recovery. This resonates with the current focus on highly efficient, eco-friendly, and sustainable extraction methods, which offer promising alternatives to traditional approaches [25] , [28] , [29] . Driven by these challenges, the global EOs industry has shifted its focus toward developing cutting-edge, sustainable, and environmentally friendly technologies for EOs extraction.…”

“…It is crucial to obtain high-yield and good-quality EOs at low cost. Numerous conventional techniques are being employed for recovering the EOs from plant materials, such as cold press [19] , [20] , [21] , distillation (water, steam/water, and steam) [4] , [22] , solvent extraction [23] , [24] , maceration and leaching [25] . Fig.…”

“…Mass transfer unfolds in two distinct phases: Initially, the tissue layer undergoes an explosive transformation, followed by the propagation of waves that drive mass transfer into the solvent. The efficiency of this process escalates with higher power and prolonged application time [25] , [33] . This enhanced mass transfer facilitates the efficient extraction of sensitive EOs while minimizing solvent requirements, rapid isolation, and high quality [34] , [35] .…”