Mass solubility and aqueous activity coefficients of stable organic chemicals in the marine environment: polychlorinated biphenyls

Dexter, R. N.; Pavlou, S.P.

doi:10.1016/0304-4203(78)90005-1

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The measurements of Dexter and Pavlou [1978] were based on equilibrations carried out at 11.5øC, and there is little theoretical basis for extrapolating this data to the standard state (25øC). The measurements of Dexter and Pavlou [1978] were based on equilibrations carried out at 11.5øC, and there is little theoretical basis for extrapolating this data to the standard state (25øC).…”

Section: Henry's Law Constantsmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…The only directly determined property utilized was the aqueous activity coefficient of the PCB components [Dexter and Pavlou, 1978]. The model itself is limited by the availability of basic physiochemical data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…I I I I I I I I I I I I CI Atoms per Molecule I0 I I I I I I I I I I I I I 2 ;5 4 5 6 7 8 9 I0 12 I;5 14 15 Peok # [Bopp, 1979; Table 4]. This behavior had been previously reported [Pavlou and Dexter, 1979;Bopp, 1979] and would be expected from the fact that aqueous activity coefficients increase with increasing degree of chlorination [Dexter and Pavlou, 1978]. This behavior had been previously reported [Pavlou and Dexter, 1979;Bopp, 1979] and would be expected from the fact that aqueous activity coefficients increase with increasing degree of chlorination [Dexter and Pavlou, 1978].…”

Section: Hudson River Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Revised parameters for modeling the transport of PCB components across an air water interface

Bopp¹

1983

J. Geophys. Res.

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A number of revisions of the data base and conceptualizations utilized in air‐water transport models for PCB components are suggested. The most significant of these involves the assignment of physical chemical properties on the basis of degree of chlorination. The effect of temperature on the rate of transport is also discussed. The revised model is tested on a number of natural situations and compared with available data.

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Section: Henry's Law Constantsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hudson River Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Revised parameters for modeling the transport of PCB components across an air water interface

Bopp¹

1983

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Five micrograms of Fe 3 O 4 /mSiO 2 -Me-PTSA was used to absorb different concentrations of PCB28 in 320 mL water solution. Because the saturated concentration of PCB28 in water solution is 0.136 mg/L [38], the concentration was applied as the maximum value. The experimental data was fitted by employing Langmuir and Freundlich models.…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Adsorption Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid preparation of methyltrimethoxy‐modified magnetic mesoporous silica as an effective solid‐phase extraction adsorbent

Qin

Fan

et al. 2018

J of Separation Science

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A time-saving method was applied to synthesize methyltrimethoxy-modified magnetic mesoporous silica with or without p-toluenesulfonic acid as the catalyst for magnetic solid-phase extraction. The synthesized materials were systematically characterized. Results demonstrated that methyltrimethoxy modified magnetic mesoporous silica with p-toluenesulfonic acid as the catalyst has a relatively smaller aperture and extreme hydrophobicity (water contact angle of 135°). To evaluate the feasibility of these prepared materials as effective adsorbents, it was combined with gas chromatography and electron capture detection to determine 26 polychlorinated biphenyls in environmental water. The result revealed that methyltrimethoxy modified magnetic mesoporous silica with p-toluenesulfonic acid as the catalyst had the best extraction efficiency and recovery. Under the optimized extracted conditions, the proposed method showed good linearity within the concentration range of 5 to 200 ng/L with correlation coefficients of 0.9969 to 0.9999. The limits of detection and quantification based on signal-to-noise ratios of 3 and 10 were in the range of 0.16 to 0.91 and 0.52 to 3.0 ng/L, respectively. The polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations in environmental water samples were successfully determined using the developed method. PCB008 and PCB110 were 4.05 and 8.52 ng/L in Red-Star lake water (Hubei Province, China), respectively.

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“…All groups of organochlorines share common physical and chemical properties such as relative chemical stability, unreactivity, appreciable volatility at environmental temperatures (Mackay & Wolkoff 1973, Mackay & Leinonen 1975 and low solubility in seawater (0.1 to 2000 pg 1 -l ;Dexter & Pavlou 1978, Mackay et al 1980 but with high lipid-water partition coefficients (Chiou et al 1977, Mackay 1982. These properties account for their known environmental persistence, ubiquitous distribution throughout the world and accumulation in fat reserves of marine organisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organochlorine dynamics between zooplankton and their environment, a reassessment

Harding¹

1986

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The level of organochlorine contamination in estuarine, coastal or oceanic waters and various depth strata, including surface films, is important in predicting bioaccumulation in zooplankton. Present and past levels of contamination in seawater are briefly reviewed and summarized. Most of the evidence indcates that little organochlorine is truly dissolved in seawater: most molecules are sorbed onto particulate material or sequestered into rnicellar structures. A first-order l n e t i c model is adequate to describe the accumulation of organochlorines by zooplankton from seawater because current laboratory techniques are not refined enough to disbnguish pathways within the organism. The chemical nature of the compounds, such as chlorine content, influences the time taken to reach an equilibrium level in an organism and the bioaccumulation at equilibrium. Size of organism, and temperature and salinity of the environment affect organochlorine uptake rates; this is believed to be related to the weight-specific surface area of the zooplankter exposed per unit time. The lipid content influences the carrying capacity of the zooplankter or its bloconcentration factor from seawater The same kinetic model can be expanded to include organochlorines asslmllated through feeding on contaminated food. Experimental studies have shown that 'field' levels of contamination in zooplankton can be reached in the lab within days by accumulation from food. The transfer of organochlorines from generation to generation in the lipid-nch eggs of zooplankters is discussed and explored with the l n e t i c model. Juvenile stages are prehcted to contain the highest organochlorine levels after yolk absorption and therefore should expenence the greatest n~ortality. Finally, it is concluded, from consideration of present levels of contamination, that the water column is the present and probably ultimate repository of most organochlorine compounds in the marine environment and that zooplankton play a major role in distributing organochlorines from atmospheric 'fallout' throughout the ocean depths.

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Mass solubility and aqueous activity coefficients of stable organic chemicals in the marine environment: polychlorinated biphenyls

Cited by 27 publications

References 15 publications

Revised parameters for modeling the transport of PCB components across an air water interface

Revised parameters for modeling the transport of PCB components across an air water interface

Rapid preparation of methyltrimethoxy‐modified magnetic mesoporous silica as an effective solid‐phase extraction adsorbent

Organochlorine dynamics between zooplankton and their environment, a reassessment

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