Mass spectrometric analysis of medical samples and aspects of clinical diagnostics

Milman, Boris L.; Zhurkovich, I. K.

doi:10.1134/s1061934815100135

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…LC-MS can separate a wide range of classes of compounds, from very polar to very nonpolar ones [ 30 ]. As compounds in biofluids must be ionized prior to MS measurement, unlike GC-MS which utilizes the hard-ionization approach (i.e., electron-impact [EI] ionization), LC-MS often uses soft-ionization methods instead (i.e., electrospray ionization [ESI] and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization [APCI]), thus generating ions without fragmentation and allowing the identification of unknown compounds [ 31 , 32 ]. Compared to GC-MS, one of the advantages of LC-MS is that chemical derivatization is not required in most conditions since high temperatures and volatility are no longer required.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomics in Diabetes and Diabetic Complications: Insights from Epidemiological Studies

2021

Cells

125

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The increasing prevalence of diabetes and its complications, such as cardiovascular and kidney disease, remains a huge burden globally. Identification of biomarkers for the screening, diagnosis, and prognosis of diabetes and its complications and better understanding of the molecular pathways involved in the development and progression of diabetes can facilitate individualized prevention and treatment. With the advancement of analytical techniques, metabolomics can identify and quantify multiple biomarkers simultaneously in a high-throughput manner. Providing information on underlying metabolic pathways, metabolomics can further identify mechanisms of diabetes and its progression. The application of metabolomics in epidemiological studies have identified novel biomarkers for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its complications, such as branched-chain amino acids, metabolites of phenylalanine, metabolites involved in energy metabolism, and lipid metabolism. Metabolomics have also been applied to explore the potential pathways modulated by medications. Investigating diabetes using a systems biology approach by integrating metabolomics with other omics data, such as genetics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and clinical data can present a comprehensive metabolic network and facilitate causal inference. In this regard, metabolomics can deepen the molecular understanding, help identify potential therapeutic targets, and improve the prevention and management of T2D and its complications. The current review focused on metabolomic biomarkers for kidney and cardiovascular disease in T2D identified from epidemiological studies, and will also provide a brief overview on metabolomic investigations for T2D.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomics in Diabetes and Diabetic Complications: Insights from Epidemiological Studies

2021

Cells

125

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“…If so, the biomarker may be a chemical compound, but this concept can be considered broader in some cases. In a review devoted to the clinical applications of mass spectrometry, Milman and Zhurkovich [48] proposed to consider the groups of compounds and the metabolome (for low-molecular-weight compounds) or proteome (for proteins) as a whole as biomarkers.…”

Section: Metabolic Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scopes of Bioanalytical Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

Savelieva

2021

J Anal Chem

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The areas of application of modern bioanalytical chromatography-mass spectrometry are so extensive that any attempt to systematize them becomes subjective. It would be more correct to say that there is no such area of biology and medicine where chromatography-mass spectrometry would not find application. This article focuses on the areas of application of this technique that are either relatively new or insufficiently covered in recent reviews. State-of-the-art bioanalytical techniques have become multitargeted in terms of analytes and standardized in terms of matrices. The ability to detect trace concentrations of analytes in the presence of a huge number of biomatrix macrocomponents using chromatography-mass spectrometry is especially important for bioanalytical chemistry. In the target-oriented determination of persistent organic pollutants by chromatography-mass spectrometry, the main problem is the expansion of the list of analytes, including isomers. In the detection of exposures to unstable toxicants, the fragmented adducts of xenobiotics with biomolecules become target biomarkers along with hydrolytic metabolites. The exposome reflects the general exposure of a human being to total xenobiotics and the metabolic status reflects the physiological state of the body. Chromatography-mass spectrometry is a key technique in metabolomics. Metabolomics is currently used to solve the problems of clinical diagnostics and anti-doping control. Biological sample preparation procedures for instrumental analysis are being simplified and developed toward increasing versatility. Proteomic technologies with the use of various versions of mass spectrometry have found application in the development of new methods for diagnosing coronavirus infections.

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Metabolomic Strategies Involving Mass Spectrometry Combined with Liquid and Gas Chromatography

Lopes

Cruz

Sussulini

et al. 2017

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Amongst all omics sciences, there is no doubt that metabolomics is undergoing the most important growth in the last decade. The advances in analytical techniques and data analysis tools are the main factors that make possible the development and establishment of metabolomics as a significant research field in systems biology. As metabolomic analysis demands high sensitivity for detecting metabolites present in low concentrations in biological samples, high-resolution power for identifying the metabolites and wide dynamic range to detect metabolites with variable concentrations in complex matrices, mass spectrometry is being the most extensively used analytical technique for fulfilling these requirements. Mass spectrometry alone can be used in a metabolomic analysis; however, some issues such as ion suppression may difficultate the quantification/identification of metabolites with lower concentrations or some metabolite classes that do not ionise as well as others. The best choice is coupling separation techniques, such as gas or liquid chromatography, to mass spectrometry, in order to improve the sensitivity and resolution power of the analysis, besides obtaining extra information (retention time) that facilitates the identification of the metabolites, especially when considering untargeted metabolomic strategies. In this chapter, the main aspects of mass spectrometry (MS), liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC) are discussed, and recent clinical applications of LC-MS and GC-MS are also presented.

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Mass spectrometric analysis of medical samples and aspects of clinical diagnostics

Cited by 10 publications

References 55 publications

Metabolomics in Diabetes and Diabetic Complications: Insights from Epidemiological Studies

Metabolomics in Diabetes and Diabetic Complications: Insights from Epidemiological Studies

Scopes of Bioanalytical Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

Metabolomic Strategies Involving Mass Spectrometry Combined with Liquid and Gas Chromatography

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