Mass Spectrometric Imaging of Ginsenosides Localization in Panax ginseng Root

Abstract

We performed mass spectrometric imaging (MSI) to localize ginsenosides (Rb(1), Rb(2) or Rc, and Rf) in cross-sections of the Panax ginseng root at a resolution of 100 microm using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) of alkali metal-adducted ginsenoside ions revealed structural information of the corresponding saccharides and aglycone. MALDI-MSI confirmed that ginsenosides were located more in the cortex and the periderm than that in the medulla of a lateral root. In addition, it revealed that localization of ginsenosides in a root tip (diameter, 2.7 mm) is higher than that in the center of the root (diameter, 7.3 mm). A quantitative difference was detected between localizations of protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside (Rb(1), Rb(2), or Rc) and protopanaxatriol-type ginsenoside (Rf) in the root. This imaging approach is a promising technique for rapid evaluation and identification of medicinal saponins in plant tissues.

Biosynthesis and biotechnological production of ginsenosides

“…Chemical analysis and immunological staining demonstrated that the root epidermis contains a high level of ginsenosides (Fukuda et al, 2006;Taira et al, 2010;Yokota et al, 2011). Furthermore, histochemical staining revealed the distribution of ginsenosides mainly in the oil canals in the periderm and outer cortex regions of the root, but not in the xylem or pith, the two zones which comprise most of the root (Christensen et al, 2006;Tani et al, 1981) (Fig.…”

A novel laser desorption/ionization method using through hole porous alumina membranes

“…To date a number of ionization techniques that belong to SALDI have been proposed,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, ...…”

“…nanoparticles as typical, in treatable forms such as suspension liquids in order to ensure that the photon energies of the laser can act to desorp and ionize analytes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45. Indeed, the soft ionization laser method such as the original form of MALDI also belongs to this category 1.…”

“…Indeed, the soft ionization laser method such as the original form of MALDI also belongs to this category 1. These techniques are not much different from MALDI regarding operational aspects, and, except for non‐occurring matrix‐related peaks, thus are basically applicable to imaging mass spectrometry 32, 35, 37, 41, 43, 45. In those cases, however, the challenges of MALDI imaging due to the matrix‐coating, i.e.…”

Mass Spectrometry Imaging: Applications to Food Science

“…As other representative plant food samples, Panax ginseng 20 and Capsicum fruit 21 are well known as natural medicines as well as food products. Many pharmacological properties of glycoside ginsenoside and the alkaloid capsaicin have been reported.…”