Mass spectrometric profiling of Bacillus cereus strains and quantitation of the emetic toxin cereulide by means of stable isotope dilution analysis and HEp-2 bioassay

Stark, Timo D.; Marxen, Sandra; Rütschle, Andrea; Lücking, Genia; Scherer, Siegfried; Ehling‐Schulz, Monika; Hofmann, Thomas

doi:10.1007/s00216-012-6485-6

Cited by 47 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Nevertheless, one should bear in mind that the sole presence or absence of an individual toxin gene does not fully explain the pathogenic potential of a certain strain and molecular methods should always be accompanied by sensitive and accurate toxin quantification systems (see, e.g., Bauer et al, 2010). For instance, it has been shown that the toxigenic potential among emetic as well as enterotoxic strains can vary substantially (see, e.g., Moravek et al, 2006; Stark et al, 2013). …”

Section: Who Is Out There?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus “next generation” diagnostics: moving from detection toward subtyping and risk-related strain profiling

Ehling‐Schulz¹,

Messelhäußer²

2013

Front. Microbiol.

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The highly heterogeneous genus Bacillus comprises the largest species group of endospore forming bacteria. Because of their ubiquitous nature, Bacillus spores can enter food production at several stages resulting in significant economic losses and posing a potential risk to consumers due the capacity of certain Bacillus strains for toxin production. In the past, food microbiological diagnostics was focused on the determination of species using conventional culture-based methods, which are still widely used. However, due to the extreme intra-species diversity found in the genus Bacillus, DNA-based identification and typing methods are gaining increasing importance in routine diagnostics. Several studies showed that certain characteristics are rather strain-dependent than species-specific. Therefore, the challenge for current and future Bacillus diagnostics is not only the efficient and accurate identification on species level but also the development of rapid methods to identify strains with specific characteristics (such as stress resistance or spoilage potential), trace contamination sources, and last but not least discriminate potential hazardous strains from non-toxic strains.

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Section: Who Is Out There?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus “next generation” diagnostics: moving from detection toward subtyping and risk-related strain profiling

Ehling‐Schulz¹,

Messelhäußer²

2013

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Stark et al . () analyzed the amount of cereulide produced B. cereus isolated from vomit or faeces from intoxicated patients. They successfully discriminate a total of 78 B. cereus strains carrying the ces genes into no/low, medium and high producers of the emetic toxin cereulide.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Emetic Toxin Genes in Bacillus cereus Isolated from Food and their Production of Cereulide in Liquid Culture

Phat

Kim

Park

et al. 2016

Journal of Food Safety

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Bacillus cereus is a Gram‐positive that is ubiquitous in foods and the wider environment. The B. cereus emetic toxin, cereulide, synthesized by nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS), can cause either gastrointestinal disorders and/or emetic form of food poisoning. In this study, 108 B. cereus isolates from foods were tested for a correlation between the presence of emetic toxin genes and cereulide production. Based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis, 107 isolates were identical to B. cereus spp. Further experiments showed that fourteen isolates exhibited 1,271, 2,200 and 188‐bp bands, corresponding to amplification of the ces1, ces2 and NRPS gene, respectively. However, only 7 out of 13 strains possessing the NRPS, ces1, and ces2 genes produced cereulide in liquid culture. Strain number 93, isolated from fresh vegetables, produced the highest levels of cereulide (11.17 μg/mL); maximum cereulide levels were observed after 4 days of cultivation at 30C in LB broth. The amount of cereulide produced differed between each isolate. Practical Applications The incident of Bacillus cereus in food could cause food poisoning. The results of our study on the presence of B. cereus in spoiled foods demonstrated that not all the food poisoning B. cereus spp. have the ability to synthesize the emetic toxin, cereulide. Nonribosomal peptide synthetase and cereulide synthetase genes could be used as biological markers for differentiation of cereulide producing and nonproducing B. cereus. Estimation of cereulide level reveals that the amounts of cereulide produced by some strains were very high and could be a threat to human health if consumed in contaminated foods. This study presents proper methods to select cereulide producing food‐poisoning B. cereus spp. and gives more information on the condition of cereulide production to prevent future cases of emetic food poisoning.

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“…Fraction F4.2 and F4.5 were directly infused for 1 min via the fluidics system (20 μL min -1 ). Data processing was performed by using HDMS compare software 1.0 and MassLynx 4.1 SCN 779 (Waters) and Sigma Plot software was used for determining the compounds composition [5].…”

Section: Isolation Of Neuraminidase Inhibitors From Eleusine Aegyptiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These plants stand for a source of natural antioxidants that might serve as leads for developing novel drugs [4]. To discover new bioactive compounds from plant sources, the extract has submitted to chemical screening hyphenated technique such as LC-MS, GC-MS, NMR and ESI-IM-TOFMS which could become new drugs [5]. The new ionization source in mass spectrometry, termed DART (Direct Analysis in Real Time) [6,7], is combined to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer, making it possible to rapidly and accurately identify the chemical components in botanicals and extracts at atmospheric pressure, typically with no sample preparation or processing requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Structure Studies of Neuraminidase Inhibitors from Eleusine Aegyptiaca L

K.Poonkuzhali¹,

V.Princy²,

T.Jebastin³

et al. 2017

International Journal of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products

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Mass spectrometric profiling of Bacillus cereus strains and quantitation of the emetic toxin cereulide by means of stable isotope dilution analysis and HEp-2 bioassay

Cited by 47 publications

References 22 publications

Bacillus “next generation” diagnostics: moving from detection toward subtyping and risk-related strain profiling

Bacillus “next generation” diagnostics: moving from detection toward subtyping and risk-related strain profiling

Detection of Emetic Toxin Genes in Bacillus cereus Isolated from Food and their Production of Cereulide in Liquid Culture

Molecular Structure Studies of Neuraminidase Inhibitors from Eleusine Aegyptiaca L

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