Mass spectrometric U-series dating of the Chaoxian hominin site at Yinshan, eastern China

Shen, Guanjun; Fang, Yingshan; Bischoff, James L.; Feng, Yuexing; Zhao, Jian‐xin

doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2009.02.020

Cited by 33 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Age: (A) Huang et al (); (B) Grün et al (); (C) Shen et al (); (D) Grün et al (); (E) Shen, Fang, Bischoff, Y‐X, and J‐X (); (F) Yuan, Chen, and Gao (); (G) Han et al (); (H) An and Kun (); (I) Schepartz and Miller‐Antonio (); (J) Zhu et al (); (K) Huffman (); (L) Rink, Schwarcz, Smith, and Radovčić (); (M) Macchiarelli et al ().…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative observations on the premolar root and pulp canal configurations of Middle Pleistocene Homo in China

Pan

Zanolli

2019

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives: The aim of this study is to explore the root and root canal morphology of Homo fossil occupying China during the Middle Pleistocene period. Human occupation and evolutionary dynamics in East Asia during the Middle Pleistocene period is one of the most intriguing issues in paleoanthropology, with the coexistence of multiple lineages and regional morphs suggesting a complex population interaction scenario. Although premolar root and canal morphology has certain phylogenetic, taxonomic, and functional implications, its morphological diversity, possible evolutionary trend and characteristics regarding Middle Pleistocene hominins inhabiting East Asia are still insufficiently understood; where these populations fits within the Homo lineage (with respect to root and pulp canal structure) needs to be explored.Materials and methods: Using microtomography, we directly observed and assessed the nonmetric variability of root and canal forms in maxillary and mandibular premolars of Chinese Middle Pleistocene Homo (N = 19), and compared our observed variations with Eurasian Early Pleistocene specimens from the Asia continent (N = 1) and Java (N = 2), as well as with Neanderthals (N = 28) and recent modern humans (N = 67).Results: A total number of nine types of root-canal forms were recorded. As a whole, the Chinese Middle Pleistocene record shows an evolutionary trend toward a modern human-like condition (a reduction of root/canal number and a simplification of root surface structure). We documented primitive signals like high percentage of Tomes' root in lower premolars. A considerable occurrence of incompletely separated root branches and bifid root and canal apices, representing evolutionary transformation from multi-root to single-root condition was also noticed. The results were compared with previous publications on Early and Middle Pleistocene Homo in East Africa, North Africa, and Eurasia.Conclusion: This work provides new original data, incorporates the latest human fossil discoveries and suggests that analyzing the variation of premolar root structural organization, notably integrating together root/canal form and number, could possibly contribute to taxonomic and phylogenetic assessments. The mid-Middle Pleistocene populations, or "classic" Homo erectus, in our study show closer affinity to Early and Middle Pleistocene hominins in Eurasia, than to East African early Homo, which supports the suggestion that at least some of the Early Pleistocene hominin groups in Eurasia contribute to the later population; on the other hand, it is still difficult to clearly trace the evolutionary fate of those late Middle Pleistocene populations (roughly assigned as archaic Homo sapiens through a craniodental perspective). More comparable materials from the Early to Middle Pleistocene period as well as precise chronological framework is needed to further explore the evolutionary trends of archaic hominins in the Asian continent before the arrival of modern humans.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative observations on the premolar root and pulp canal configurations of Middle Pleistocene Homo in China

Pan

Zanolli

2019

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…Grun et al (1998) redated the Hexian H. erectus site using a combination of electron spin resonance and U‐series techniques and derived an average age of 412 ka. Shen et al (2010) recently redated the Chaoxian archaic H. sapiens site using the TIMS U‐series method and calculated an age bracket that places the hominin fossil between 360 and 310 ka. An average age for the Jinniushan archaic H. sapiens locality has also been pushed back to ∼260 ka (Chen et al, 1994; Lu, 2003; Rosenberg et al, 2006) and Maba back to ∼237 ka (Gao et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An average age for the Jinniushan archaic H. sapiens locality has also been pushed back to ∼260 ka (Chen et al, 1994; Lu, 2003; Rosenberg et al, 2006) and Maba back to ∼237 ka (Gao et al, 2007). These more recent chronometric studies led Shen et al (2010, p 27) to conclude that these new dates indicate “a H. erectus ‐archaic H. sapiens interface in China much earlier than 200 ka.” In Shen et al's (2010) view, this H. erectus ‐archaic H. sapiens interface can now be pushed back to ∼400–350 ka, particularly with the recent redating of the Zhoukoudian Locality 1 H. erectus site suggesting a minimum age of ∼400 ka (Shen et al, 2009). These more recent redating analyses do not clarify the question of whether H. heidelbergensis dispersed into eastern Eurasia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), but no hominin fossils. Locality B has Middle Pleistocene fauna (e.g., Hyaena brevirostris sinensis , Stegodon , and Sus xiaozhu ) and the archaic H. sapiens fossils (Shen et al, 2010). The initial U‐series dates on associated animal teeth suggested an age range of 200–160 ka (Chen et al, 1987).…”

Section: Middle Pleistocene Hominins In Eastern Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The initial U‐series dates on associated animal teeth suggested an age range of 200–160 ka (Chen et al, 1987). However, a more recent study using TIMS U‐series on associated speleothems indicated the hominin fossils could be bracketed between 360 and 310 ka or even older (Shen et al, 2010). Although the association between the dated speleothem section and the hominin fossils cannot be made with full degree of confidence, minimally, the Chaoxian hominin fossils should date to the Middle Pleistocene.…”

Section: Middle Pleistocene Hominins In Eastern Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The late Middle Pleistocene hominin fossil record of eastern Asia: Synthesis and review

Bae

2010

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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Traditionally, Middle Pleistocene hominin fossils that cannot be allocated to Homo erectus sensu lato or modern H. sapiens have been assigned to different specific taxa. For example, in eastern Asia, these hominin fossils have been classified as archaic, early, or premodern H. sapiens. An increasing number of Middle Pleistocene hominin fossils are currently being assigned to H. heidelbergensis. This is particularly the case for the African and European Middle Pleistocene hominin fossil record. There have been suggestions that perhaps the eastern Asian late Middle Pleistocene hominins can also be allocated to the H. heidelbergensis hypodigm. In this article, I review the current state of the late Middle Pleistocene hominin fossil record from eastern Asia and examine the various arguments for assigning these hominins to the different specific taxa. The two primary conclusions drawn from this review are as follows: 1) little evidence currently exists in the eastern Asian Middle Pleistocene hominin fossil record to support their assignment to H. heidelbergensis; and 2) rather than add to the growing list of hominin fossil taxa by using taxonomic names like H. daliensis for northeast Asian fossils and H. mabaensis for Southeast Asian fossils, it is better to err on the side of caution and continue to use the term archaic H. sapiens to represent all of these hominin fossils. What should be evident from this review is the need for an increase in the quality and quantity of the eastern Asian hominin fossil data set. Fortunately, with the increasing number of large‐scale multidisciplinary paleoanthropological field and laboratory research projects in eastern Asia, the record is quickly becoming better understood. Yrbk Phys Anthropol 53:75–93, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Museum Collections: Importance as a Research Tool

Freedman¹

2021

The International Encyclopedia of Anthropology

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Museums hold millions of objects from all over the globe, offering a unique, unparalleled resource for researchers. They provide historical snapshots of data both geographically and through time, giving researchers rare access to huge amounts of information. Recent advances in analytical techniques have allowed for even more information to be obtained from collections, from radiocarbon dating to genetic sequencing. This entry provides some background on museums and their collections, along with key examples of research that has been undertaken using both nondestructive and destructive sampling methods. It also outlines details on how collections can be used, limitations in sampling, and how to search for objects in museums across Britain. The potential for collections to assist with research is enormous, and this applies not only to national museums but also to smaller regional museums.

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Mass spectrometric U-series dating of the Chaoxian hominin site at Yinshan, eastern China

Cited by 33 publications

References 14 publications

Comparative observations on the premolar root and pulp canal configurations of Middle Pleistocene Homo in China

Comparative observations on the premolar root and pulp canal configurations of Middle Pleistocene Homo in China

The late Middle Pleistocene hominin fossil record of eastern Asia: Synthesis and review

Museum Collections: Importance as a Research Tool

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