Mass spectrometry-based proteomics as an emerging tool in clinical laboratories

Abstract

Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics have been increasingly implemented in various disciplines of laboratory medicine to identify and quantify biomolecules in a variety of biological specimens. MS-based proteomics is continuously expanding and widely applied in biomarker discovery for early detection, prognosis and markers for treatment response prediction and monitoring. Furthermore, making these advanced tests more accessible and affordable will have the greatest healthcare benefit.This review article highlights the new paradigms MS-based clinical proteomics has created in microbiology laboratories, cancer research and diagnosis of metabolic disorders. The technique is preferred over conventional methods in disease detection and therapy monitoring for its combined advantages in multiplexing capacity, remarkable analytical specificity and sensitivity and low turnaround time.Despite the achievements in the development and adoption of a number of MS-based clinical proteomics practices, more are expected to undergo transition from bench to bedside in the near future. The review provides insights from early trials and recent progresses (mainly covering literature from the NCBI database) in the application of proteomics in clinical laboratories.

Microscopy-guided subcellular proteomic discovery by high-speed ultra-content photo-biotinylation

“…The two-photon illumination was used because it achieved better chemical labeling precision in the axial direction and negligible scattering-induced photochemical reaction in 3D. For MS-based proteomics, roughly ∼10 8 molecules of the same species of proteins are needed for the sensitivity of routinely used MS platforms in a manageable dynamic range ( 25, 26 ). To achieve high sensitivity of de novo subcellular proteomic discovery, one should collect proteins from myriad ROIs of a large number of fields of view (FOVs) with analogous protein constituents.…”

Proteomic Insights into Osteoporosis: Unraveling Diagnostic Markers of and Therapeutic Targets for the Metabolic Bone Disease

“…Firstly, advancements in proteomic technologies, such as improved instrumentation, sample preparation methods, and data analysis algorithms, will enhance the sensitivity, specificity, and throughput of proteomic studies in osteoporosis. Secondly, the development of targeted proteomic assays, including MRM and PRM, will enable the accurate quantification of specific protein biomarkers in clinical samples, facilitating their translation into diagnostic tests and therapeutic monitoring tools [165][166][167]. Additionally, the integration of proteomic biomarkers into clinical decision-making algorithms and risk assessment models may improve the accuracy of osteoporosis diagnosis, fracture prediction, and treatment selection.…”

Paradigm shift in biomarker translation: a pipeline to generate clinical grade biomarker candidates from DIA-MS discovery

“…Clinical proteomics for the development and translation of disease biomarkers typically involve three phases: discovery, targeted protein assay development and clinical validation 1-6 . In the initial discovery phase, high-throughput mass spectrometry (MS) screens are commonly employed to identify biomarker candidates within a defined disease cohort 7-9 .…”