Mass spectrometry of atmospheric-pressure ball plasmoids

Dubowsky, Scott E.; Friday, David; Peters, Kevin C.; Zhao, Zhenmin; Perry, Richard H.; McCall, Benjamin J.

doi:10.1016/j.ijms.2014.11.011

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Several molecules were detected at masses below the iodide reagent ion signal (m/z = 127) following N 2 O 5 addition to the chamber and correspond to NO Dubowsky et al, 2015;Huey, 2007). The water cluster ions and nitric acid (also at m/z = 190, corresponding to I − q HNO 3 ) result from ionmolecule reactions in the humidified drift tube of our CIMS and residual HNO 3 from the N 2 O 5 cold trap.…”

Section: Cims Product Identification and Hydroxy Nitrate Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Nitrate radical oxidation of <i>γ</i>-terpinene: hydroxy nitrate, total organic nitrate, and secondary organic aerosol yields

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Polyolefinic monoterpenes represent a potentially important but understudied source of organic nitrates (ONs) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) following oxidation due to their high reactivity and propensity for multi-stage chemistry. Recent modeling work suggests that the oxidation of polyolefinic γ -terpinene can be the dominant source of nighttime ON in a mixed forest environment. However, the ON yields, aerosol partitioning behavior, and SOA yields from γ -terpinene oxidation by the nitrate radical (NO 3 ), an important nighttime oxidant, have not been determined experimentally. In this work, we present a comprehensive experimental investigation of the total (gas + particle) ON, hydroxy nitrate, and SOA yields following γ -terpinene oxidation by NO 3 . Under dry conditions, the hydroxy nitrate yield = 4(+1/−3) %, total ON yield = 14(+3/−2) %, and SOA yield ≤ 10 % under atmospherically relevant particle mass loadings, similar to those for α-pinene + NO 3 . Using a chemical box model, we show that the measured concentrations of NO 2 and γ -terpinene hydroxy nitrates can be reliably simulated from α-pinene + NO 3 chemistry. This suggests that NO 3 addition to either of the two internal double bonds of γ -terpinene primarily decomposes forming a relatively volatile keto-aldehyde, reconciling the small SOA yield observed here and for other internal olefinic terpenes. Based on aerosol partitioning analysis and identification of speciated particle-phase ON applying high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we estimate that a significant fraction of the particle-phase ON has the hydroxy nitrate moiety. This work greatly contributes to our understanding of ON and SOA formation from polyolefin monoterpene oxidation, which could be important in the northern continental US and the Midwest, where polyolefinic monoterpene emissions are greatest.

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Section: Cims Product Identification and Hydroxy Nitrate Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Nitrate radical oxidation of <i>γ</i>-terpinene: hydroxy nitrate, total organic nitrate, and secondary organic aerosol yields

et al. 2017

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“…Ball plasmoids are generated by a pulsed discharge over the surface of an electrolyte (Figure 1) [10,11]. A Glassman EK Series high-voltage DC power supply is used to charge a parallel-plate capacitor (873 µF, Maxwell); typical discharge potentials are set between 5000-8000 V (DC).…”

Section: Plasmoid Generatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, several publications have described the generation and analysis of ball plasmoid discharges [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Ball plasmoids are uniquely long-lived at atmospheric pressure and are generated via a pulse of stored energy from a capacitor bank over the surface of an electrolyte.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrical Properties of Reversed-Polarity Ball Plasmoid Discharges

Dubowsky

Rose

Glumac

et al. 2020

Plasma

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Ball plasmoid discharges are a unique type of atmospheric-pressure plasma discharge with a lifetime on the order of a hundred milliseconds without attachment to a power source. These discharges are generated by a moderate current pulse over the surface of an aqueous electrolyte, and some consider the spherical plasmoid that results to bear some resemblance to ball lightning. This article presents the first analysis of the electrical properties of ball plasmoid discharges in a reversed-polarity configuration, i.e., with the central electrode serving as the anode rather than as the cathode. These experiments demonstrate that ball plasmoids can indeed be generated with either electrode polarity with similar observable properties. These results are contrary to what has previously been discussed in the literature and raise additional questions regarding formation mechanisms of ball plasmoids. Analysis of images and electrical measurements collected at various discharge energies show that two distinct processes occur during discharges with our circuitry and in this reversed-polarity configuration: the formation of spark channels between the anode and electrolyte, and the generation of streamers and a jet from the surface of the anode.

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“…The generation of free electrons caused impact ionization and a large additional amount of secondary electrons. More extreme description of waterbased atmospheric plasma generation in ball lightning discharges has been described by Dubrowsky et al [49], including mass spectroscopy measurements of charged water, ammonia and nitrous oxide molecules Vonnegut [2]. An earlier report preceding that of Huthmacher et al was made of such synthesized ball lightning 'fireballs' generated by burning of silicon nanoparticles emitting electrons at 1000 K, not quite the higher temperature associated with a lightning strike [50].…”

Section: Water Chemistry and Ionization Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Role for Severe Storm Tornadogenesis (and Modification)

Armstrong¹,

Glenn²

2015

J Climatol Weather Forecasting

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Mass spectrometry of atmospheric-pressure ball plasmoids

Cited by 18 publications

References 21 publications

Nitrate radical oxidation of <i>γ</i>-terpinene: hydroxy nitrate, total organic nitrate, and secondary organic aerosol yields

Nitrate radical oxidation of <i>γ</i>-terpinene: hydroxy nitrate, total organic nitrate, and secondary organic aerosol yields

Electrical Properties of Reversed-Polarity Ball Plasmoid Discharges

Electrical Role for Severe Storm Tornadogenesis (and Modification)

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Mass spectrometry of atmospheric-pressure ball plasmoids

Cited by 18 publications

References 21 publications

Nitrate radical oxidation of &lt;i&gt;γ&lt;/i&gt;-terpinene: hydroxy nitrate, total organic nitrate, and secondary organic aerosol yields

Nitrate radical oxidation of &lt;i&gt;γ&lt;/i&gt;-terpinene: hydroxy nitrate, total organic nitrate, and secondary organic aerosol yields

Electrical Properties of Reversed-Polarity Ball Plasmoid Discharges

Electrical Role for Severe Storm Tornadogenesis (and Modification)

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Nitrate radical oxidation of <i>γ</i>-terpinene: hydroxy nitrate, total organic nitrate, and secondary organic aerosol yields

Nitrate radical oxidation of <i>γ</i>-terpinene: hydroxy nitrate, total organic nitrate, and secondary organic aerosol yields