Mass Spectrometry of Molecular Solids: Laser Microprobe Mass Analysis (LAMMA) of Selected Polymers

Gardella, Joseph A.; Hercules, David M.; Heinen, H. J.

doi:10.1080/00387018008064027

Cited by 52 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Static SIMS Results. Mass spectrometric studies of polymers performed in this laboratory (4,21) have stressed a "backbone/side chain" polymer structure model, for interpretation of spectral results. Peaks in the mass spectra are viewed as due to ions (a) dlirectly related to structure and (b) assignable to bond breaking events along either the "backbone" hydrocarbon chain or the "side chain" pendant group, in this case an ester functionality.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of static secondary ion mass spectrometry, ion scattering spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for surface analysis of acrylic polymers

Gardella¹,

Hercules²

1981

Anal. Chem.

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The comparison of three surface analytlcal tools, static secondary Ion mass spectralmetry (SIMS), ion scatterlng spectroscopy (ISS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS or ESCA), Is presented. Information avallable from ISS and ESCA is Illustrated by comparing plots ol carbon/oxygen Intensity ratio vs. monomer composition for both methods. Both ESCA and ISS yield linear correlations, ESCA having the higher correlation coefficient. The ISS plot had some devlatlons whlch could not be explained by steric effects alone. Statlc SIMS results were interpreted by uslng a "backbone/slde chain" model of polymer structure which explains ions generated from bond breaking along the hydrocarbon backbone and the pendant side chain functlonality which Is varled in the polymer serles of poly( methacrylates). Posltlve Ion spectral patlerns are Interpreted for shorl chain alkyl, Isomeric butyl, and cyclic and long chain alkyl functlonallties.The chemical analysis of polymer surfaces has provided a fruitful realm for the application of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS or ESCA) (1,2). ESCA is now well-known for the unique qualitative and quantitative surface information derived from core and valence level spectra. However, when utilized alone, ESCA has some major weaknesses. We have been active in the extenaiion of surface analysis of polymers by ion beam methods: secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS) (3-5). In the present paper we will coimpare the analytical capabilities of ISS and SIMS in the so-cdled "static" m d e (Le., low primary ion energies and current densities) with ESCA for the analysis of poly(methacrylates) where the pendant ester group is varied in both length and functionality.Static SIMS analysis of organics has been furthered by the use of a cooled probe technique to analyze frozen liquids. These substances have yielded a varieity of SIMS results. Ions assigned to peaks in the low mass range (0-100 amu) were explained by simple fragmentation of' molecules (bond breaking) as the dominant mechanism (6, 7), with rearrangement ("polymerization") (6) occurring after i9 long bombardment time. High mass results (0-1000 amu) indicated cluster ion formation, with significant rearrangement, could explain most spectral features (8). Since relative intensities of high mass cluster ions decreased logarithmically, it is possible that the peaks cannot be seen under typical detection conditions employed in t hLe low mass studies. Thus it appears that spectral results for the low mass range from 0 to 200 m u , employed in this study, will be dominated by ions directly related to the structure of organic molecules from bond breaking (4, 7) with low intensity rearrangement phenomena accounting for high mass molecular ions. The use of "destructive" methods of analysis like ISS and SIMS requires consideration of the effects on the sample integrity of the method itself. The analysis conditions described (4) were chosen because of indications that moderate to high primary ion beam energies...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of static secondary ion mass spectrometry, ion scattering spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for surface analysis of acrylic polymers

Gardella¹,

Hercules²

1981

Anal. Chem.

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“…The extraction of the pertinent data from the spectra and their interpretation is, however, far more difficult than that from atomic constituents. For a number of synthetic organic polymers, it has already been demonstrated (Gardella et at., 1980;Graham and Hercules, 1982) that important information on the chemical composition, in particular, in relation to the side groups to the backdone polymer structure, can be elicited from the LAMMA spectra. In another attempt to systematically assess this problem for biological matrices, a series of LAMMA investigations of suitably prepared, pure bioorganic substances has been initiated.…”

Section: Lamma Applications In Organic Mass Spectrometry*mentioning

confidence: 91%

Laser Applications in Medicine and Biology

Wolbarsht¹

1989

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A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment.v PREFACE The diversity of the chapters presented in this volume illustrates not only the many applications of lasers, but also the fact that, in many cases, these are not new uses of lasers, but rather improvements of laser techniques already widely accepted in both research and clinical situations. Biological reactions to some special aspects of laser exposure continue to show new effects, which have implications for the ever-present topic of laser safety. Such biological reactions are included in fields of research which depend on properties of electromagnetic radiation exposure only possible with lasers, for example, the short pulses necessary for the temperature-jump experiments reviewed by Reiss:Speciality lasers, such as the transverse excitation atmospheric (TEA) or excimer lasers, add new wavelengths and pulse domains to those already available for biological application. A description of these new types of lasers by Osgood is included to indicate new possibilities for future use and to avoid limiting our coverage to well-developed present-day applications.Hillenkamp and Kaufmann describe a microprobe mass spectrograph for analysis of the minute amounts of material evaporated by a laser pulse. The analytical possibilities of this instrument are far-reaching, and some of the various results are described to illustrate the power of their method, as well as to show the types of problems that are suitable for it.The initial steps in photosynthesis have become the subject of intensive investigation. High-speed laser techniques have assisted in unlocking some of the puzzles of the energy transduction involved, and the present review by Rubin shows both the current state of the art and the possibilities for future experiments.Much of the clinical work using lasers remains in ophthalmology, the first specialty to accept any type of laser exposure as a standard therapy. In addition to its use in the treatment of an ever-increasing number of retinal vii viii Preface problems, laser coagulation has become the standard treatment for glaucoma, for the lens capsule cutting necessitated by the complications of lens implant surgery, and bids fair to proceed even further as lasers are applied to vitreous surgery. The analyses of bioeffects of laser exposures in the eye by Ham and Mueller, and by Allen and Pohlhamus, give some of the scientific background for those applications that have already proven successful and indicate the bases for future clinical applications of lasers in oph thalmology.Each clinical acceptance of a laser instrument broadens the experience of all in the general medical field with regard to laser use. Also, the increasingly larger number of clinicians involved in research on laser surgery adds even more to the diversity of laboratory projects that will in turn become the basis for techniques that in the future...

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“…LAMMA has already proven very useful in the investigation of the fragmentation of polymeric substances with a view to the identification of organic inhomogeneities. Gardella et al [142] were able to demonstrate using one of the first generation laser microprobes that polymer side chains yield characteristic fragmentation patterns. It has also been possible to detect carbazoles in polyethelyene [143] and triphenyl arsenic in polyvinyl butarate [144].…”

Section: Lammamentioning

confidence: 99%

Flotation and flocculation chemistry of coal and oxidized coals

Somasundaran¹,

Ramesh²

1989

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Mass Spectrometry of Molecular Solids: Laser Microprobe Mass Analysis (LAMMA) of Selected Polymers

Cited by 52 publications

References 3 publications

Comparison of static secondary ion mass spectrometry, ion scattering spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for surface analysis of acrylic polymers

Comparison of static secondary ion mass spectrometry, ion scattering spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for surface analysis of acrylic polymers

Laser Applications in Medicine and Biology

Flotation and flocculation chemistry of coal and oxidized coals

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