Mass Vaccination of Children with Pertussis Toxoid—Decreased Incidence in Both Vaccinated and Nonvaccinated Persons

Taranger, J; Trollfors, Birger; Bergfors, Elisabet; Knutsson, Nina; Sundh, Valter; Lagergård, Teresa; Lind-Brandberg, Lena; Zackrisson, Gunilla; White, Jo; Cicirello, Helen; Fusco, Joan; Robbins, John B.

doi:10.1086/322639

Cited by 74 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…44 In February 1999, 55% of the children had received 3 injections of DTPTox. During the mass vaccination, B pertussis isolates decreased from 1200 to 64/year (P Ͻ .0001) and hospitalizations attributable to pertussis from 62 to 4/year (P Ͻ .0001).…”

Section: Mass Vaccination With Ptoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…58 There was also a decrease in the isolation rate of B parapertussis during this period. 44 This could be attributable to the finding that B parapertussis is frequently found concurrently with B pertussis during outbreaks. 59 -61 Experiments in mice indicate that respiratory infection with B pertussis facilitates and prolongs colonization with B parapertussis.…”

Section: Multicomponent Acellular Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunologic and Epidemiologic Experience of Vaccination With a Monocomponent Pertussis Toxoid Vaccine

et al. 2001

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ABSTRACT. Pertussis re-emerged in Sweden with a cumulative incidence of about 60% during the first 10 years of life, when the locally produced cellular vaccine lost its efficacy around 1970 and general vaccination was discontinued in 1979. The epidemiology, clinical features, and immunology of pertussis and a monocomponent pertussis toxoid vaccine were studied in Gö teborg, Sweden.After phase 1 and 2 studies, a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial of pertussis toxoid (PTox), compounded with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, was administered to 3450 children according to the Swedish schedule at 3, 5, and 12 months of age. After a mean follow-up of 18 months, the efficacy was 71% overall and 75% in household contacts, respectively. A statistically significant correlation was found between the level of PTox-induced antibodies and protection against pertussis. As observed with cellular and with multicomponent acellular vaccines, PTox reduced the severity of disease and the percent of children with positive cultures. Furthermore, vaccination reduced the transmission of Bordetella pertussis to household contacts in the vaccinees compared with the controls who received only diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. Patients with culture-verified Bordetella parapertussis infection reacted with antibodies to pertactin and to filamentous hemagglutinin but not to pertussis toxin, and some subsequently developed pertussis. The antibody responses of patients with pertussis to the surface polysaccharides of B pertussis and to B parapertussis were cross-reactive serologically. Serosurveys showed that only antibodies to pertussis toxin were related to the occurrence of pertussis in the general population: antibodies to filamentous hemagglutinin and pertactin were probably stimulated by antigens of other bacteria as well as Bordetellae.Mass vaccination of Gö teborg children born in the 1990s was started in 1995. In February 1999, about 55% had been vaccinated and both B pertussis and pertussis decreased significantly in individuals of all ages (herd immunity). Similar to diphtheria, PTox-induced immunity to pertussis occurs both on an individual and community basis.The apparent greater efficacy of multicomponent acellular pertussis vaccines compared with monocomponent PTox was proposed to be an artifact created when the diagnosis of pertussis was made by the serologic criteria of the World Health Organization only. Our conclusion is that PTox is both an essential and alone sufficient antigen in acellular pertussis vaccines. Pediatrics 2001; 108(6). URL: http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/ 108/6/e115; pertussis, pertussis toxoid, vaccine.

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Section: Mass Vaccination With Ptoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Multicomponent Acellular Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunologic and Epidemiologic Experience of Vaccination With a Monocomponent Pertussis Toxoid Vaccine

et al. 2001

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“…Addition of inactivated PTx in the pertussis vaccine preparations has helped improve the vaccine's efficacy, suggesting that anti-PTx antibodies are important for protection against B. pertussis disease (15,33). Furthermore, a serological study indicated a positive correlation between anti-PTx antibody levels and protection from disease (34).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pertussis toxin inhibits neutrophil recruitment to delay antibody-mediated clearance of Bordetella pertussis

Kirimanjeswara¹

2005

Journal of Clinical Investigation

136

127

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Whooping cough is considered a childhood disease, although there is growing evidence that children are infected by adult carriers. Additionally, increasing numbers of vaccinated adults are being diagnosed with Bordetella pertussis disease. Thus it is critical to understand how B. pertussis remains endemic even in highly vaccinated or immune populations. Here we used the mouse model to examine the nature of sterilizing immunity to B. pertussis. Antibodies were necessary to control infection but did not rapidly clear B. pertussis from the lungs. However, antibodies affected B. pertussis after a delay of at least a week by a mechanism that involved neutrophils and Fc receptors, suggesting that neutrophils phagocytose and clear antibody-opsonized bacteria via Fc receptors. B. pertussis blocked migration of neutrophils and inhibited their recruitment to the lungs during the first week of infection by a pertussis toxin-dependent (PTx-dependent) mechanism; a PTx mutant of B. pertussis induced rapid neutrophil recruitment and was rapidly cleared from the lungs by adoptively transferred antibodies. Depletion of neutrophils abrogated the defects of the PTx mutant. Together these results indicate that PTx inhibits neutrophil recruitment, which consequently allows B. pertussis to avoid rapid antibody-mediated clearance and therefore successfully infect immune hosts.

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“…Pertussis virtually disappeared in the industrialized world during the 1970s and 1980s, and herd immunity was initially observed [25]. Clearly, pertussis vaccination prevents severe illness and reduces infection-and transmission rates but not to the same extent as seen for other vaccine preventable childhood diseases [26,27].…”

Section: Resurgence Of Pertussismentioning

confidence: 99%

Resurgence of pertussis calls for re-evaluation of pertussis animal models

Aa¹,

Hozbor²,

Cj³

et al. 2012

Expert Review of Vaccines

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Mass Vaccination of Children with Pertussis Toxoid—Decreased Incidence in Both Vaccinated and Nonvaccinated Persons

Cited by 74 publications

References 22 publications

Immunologic and Epidemiologic Experience of Vaccination With a Monocomponent Pertussis Toxoid Vaccine

Immunologic and Epidemiologic Experience of Vaccination With a Monocomponent Pertussis Toxoid Vaccine

Pertussis toxin inhibits neutrophil recruitment to delay antibody-mediated clearance of Bordetella pertussis

Resurgence of pertussis calls for re-evaluation of pertussis animal models

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