Massed and Spaced Practice in Alpha Enhancement

Albert, Ira B.; Simmons, James A.; Walker, J. P.

doi:10.2466/pms.1974.39.3.1039

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Yamaguchi suggested that the benefit seen for massed practice may be due to a reliance on insight used during NFT to help discover possible relationships between the feedback and various states of consciousness associated with the production of alpha and that massed practice makes it easier for the individual to obtain such insights. In addition, Yamaguchi noted that methodological differences between his study and the earlier one of Albert et al (1974) may account for the distinct pattern of effects. As such, it remains unclear at present whether massed or spaced practice is more effective.…”

Section: Methodological Factors Nft Schedulementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, comparisons of massed versus spaced NFT in the literature have revealed contradictory results. For instance, Albert, Simmons, and Walker (1974) compared the effects of five NFT sessions massed within 1 day to five sessions completed across 5 separate days. They found that the group receiving the spaced NFT at daily intervals exhibited greater levels of alpha compared to those given the massed NFT.…”

Section: Methodological Factors Nft Schedulementioning

confidence: 99%

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Alpha Neurofeedback Training for Performance Enhancement: Reviewing the Methodology

Вернон¹,

Dempster²,

Bazanova³

et al. 2009

Journal of Neurotherapy

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Introduction: Considerable interest has been, and still is, generated by the potential performance enhancing benefits of alpha neurofeedback training (NFT) for healthy participants. A plausible rationale for such training, with an aim to improve mood and/or enhance cognition, can be made based upon what is already known of the links between alpha EEG activity and behavior. However, designing an optimal NFT paradigm remains difficult because a number of methodological factors that may influence the outcome of such training remain largely unexplored. Method: This article focuses on these methodological factors in an attempt to highlight some of the unanswered questions and stimulate future research. Results: Specifically, this article examines the NFT training schedule; the variety, basis, and setting of reward thresholds; the nature and modality of the feedback signal provided; unidirectional as compared to bidirectional NFT; the establishment of a target frequency range for alpha; whether NFT should be conducted with eyes open or closed; and the identification of a clear index of learning. Conclusions: Throughout, the article provides a number of suggestions and possible directions for future research

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Section: Methodological Factors Nft Schedulementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodological Factors Nft Schedulementioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha Neurofeedback Training for Performance Enhancement: Reviewing the Methodology

Вернон¹,

Dempster²,

Bazanova³

et al. 2009

Journal of Neurotherapy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As one might expect, spaced practice generally leads to better learning and retention than massed practice ( Shea et al, 2000 ; Dail and Christina, 2004 ; Arthur Jr. et al, 2010 ). Spacing has proven beneficial for a wide range of skills such as playing video games ( Shebilske et al, 1999 ; Stafford and Dewar, 2014 ), interviewing ( Heidt et al, 2016 ), learning surgical skills ( Verdaasdonk et al, 2007 ; Spruit et al, 2014 ; Andersen et al, 2016 ), playing a piano sequence ( Rubin-Rabson, 1940 ; Simmons, 2011 ), balancing on a swaying platform ( Shea et al, 2000 ), electrical testing of a vehicle charger ( Hagman, 1980 ), learning to enhance alpha waves through bio-feedback ( Albert et al, 1974 ) and golf putting ( Dail and Christina, 2004 ).…”

Section: The Spacing Effect In Skill-related Tasksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spacing Repetitions Over Long Timescales: A Review and a Reconsolidation Explanation

Smith

Scarf

2017

Front. Psychol.

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Recent accounts of the spacing effect have proposed molecular explanations that explain spacing over short, but not long timescales. In the first half of this paper, we review research on the spacing effect that has employed spaces of 24 h or more across skill-related tasks, language-related tasks and generalization for adults and children. Throughout this review, we distinguish between learning and retention by defining learning (or acquisition) as performance at the end of training and retention as performance after a delay period. Using this distinction, we find age- and task-related differences in the manifestation of the spacing effect over long timescales. In the second half of this paper, we discuss a reconsolidation account of the spacing effect. In particular, we review the evidence that suggests the spacing of repetitions influences the subsequent consolidation and reconsolidation processes; we explain how a reconsolidation account may explain the findings for learning; the inverted-U curve for retention; and compare the reconsolidation account with previous consolidation accounts of the spacing effect.

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“…These findings, however, confirm earlier work that taught a relaxation technique, albeit restricted to a small, female sample. 28 Additionally, these findings from healthy subjects are consolidated in a rare clinical study on children with Down's syndrome and hydrocephalus learning a gross motor task (i.e. stabilometer).…”

Section: Massed or Distributed Practicementioning

confidence: 95%

Constraint-induced Therapy and the Motor Learning Literature That Underpins Its Application

Plummer¹

2003

Physical Therapy Reviews

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The influx in research to improve the evidence base and clinical effectiveness of existing practices has facilitated the emergence of new potential techniques. Constraint-induced therapy (CIT) is one such approach, used mostly widely in stroke rehabilitation. It focuses on the massed, random practice of functional tasks with the less able extremity, while the other is restrained. The evidence supporting the application of this technique is increasingly favourable, despite continued debate surrounding the optimal application. What remains scantly analysed are the underlying principles of CIT, to elucidate if massed, random practice of activities of daily living (ADLs) are the most suitable conditions to enhance learning. This paper helps to consolidate theoretically the advances made by existing clinical material. Although inhibiting initial performance, both massed and random practice provide greater learning potential. While further research is required, especially with these principles combined, this review concludes that CIT is based on the best available motor learning evidence, albeit the research has notable limitations.

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Massed and Spaced Practice in Alpha Enhancement

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

Alpha Neurofeedback Training for Performance Enhancement: Reviewing the Methodology

Alpha Neurofeedback Training for Performance Enhancement: Reviewing the Methodology

Spacing Repetitions Over Long Timescales: A Review and a Reconsolidation Explanation

Constraint-induced Therapy and the Motor Learning Literature That Underpins Its Application

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