Massive Africanized honeybee stings in two hair sheep and a mare

Veado, Henrique Caetano; Conceição, Raffaela S.; Nogueira, Kaique; Fino, Tayná Cardim Morais; Silva, Anahí S.; Castro, Márcio Botelho de; Soto-Blanco, Benito; Câmara, Antônio Carlos Lopes

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.01.015

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This has been previously observed in dogs (OLIVEIRA et al, 2007) and in horses (STAEMPFLI et al, 1993;LEWIS & RACKLYEFT, 2014), and it is most likely a result of coagulopathy induced by phospholipase A 2 (OLIVEIRA et al, 2007). Dark red, wet and enlarged lungs induced by lung edema were previously described in cases of massive bee attack in a horse (STAEMPFLI et al, 1993), dogs (OLIVEIRA et al, 2007, and sheep (VEADO et al, 2020), as it was observed in the present case. Still, this mare had severe pulmonary edema, which extended into the upper airways and through the nostrils, differing from previous reports of necropsy in animals affected by bee stings (STAEMPFLI et al, 1993;OLIVEIRA et al, 2007).…”

Section: Pathologysupporting

confidence: 85%

“…In the present case, the mare had multiple skin lesions, characterized by raised areas associated with local swelling and hemorrhage. This is also a common finding in dogs (OLIVEIRA et al, 2007), humans (HUGHES, 2019) and horses (STAEMPFLI et al, 1993;VEADO et al, 2020), and it is most likely caused by direct effect of melittin and phospholipase A 2 , which leads to endothelial cell membrane injury (LEWIS & RACKLYEFT, 2014).…”

Section: Pathologymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In the present study, the diagnosis of acute renal failure due to bee sting toxicity was made through the association of the clinical and histological findings. Although commonly described in humans (HUGHES, 2019) and dogs (OLIVEIRA et al, 2007), case reports on bee sting toxicity in horses are scarce and mainly focused on the clinical findings (STAEMPFLI et al, 1993;LEWIS & RACKLYEFT, 2014;FONTEQUE et al, 2018;VEADO et al, 2020). Bee envenomation may cause a variety of clinical presentations, including cutaneous lesions, local swelling, muscular pain, anaphylactic reaction, cardiovascular collapse, hemolysis, rhabdomyolysis, multiorgan damage, and acute renal failure (HUGHES, 2009).…”

Section: Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute renal failure in a horse following bee sting toxicity

et al. 2020

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Bee envenomation is frequent in humans and dogs, but uncommon in horses. This study aimed to describe a case of acute renal failure following mass envenomation in a horse. A mare was attacked by a swarm of bees and showed reluctance to move, epistaxis, and dark-brown urine. Biochemical exams revealed increase in urea and creatine serum levels. The mare did not respond to treatment and euthanasia was elected after four days of clinical course. At the necropsy, there were multifocal pinpoint to elevated skin lesions associated with edema and hemorrhage, which extended to the subcutaneous tissue and skeletal muscle, and the kidneys were diffusely dark-brown and friable. Microscopically, renal tubules were distended and filled with an orange-red, hyaline globular material, and had severe epithelial tubular cell necrosis. The diagnosis was established based on clinical and histological analysis, and pathological evaluation was essential to confirm acute renal failure due to bee sting toxicity.

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Section: Pathologysupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Pathologymentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute renal failure in a horse following bee sting toxicity

et al. 2020

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“…The venom, also known as apitoxin, is produced by venom gland cells and is injected at the time of the sting. When the stinger is introduced, it becomes trapped with the venom sac at the sting site and gradually releases the venom ( 10 , 12 , 13 ).…”

Section: The Honeybee Venommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Honeybee venom is composed of peptides, including melittin, apamin, and mast cell degranulating peptide (MCDP), the enzymes phospholipase A 2 and hyaluronidase, and biogenic amines (histamine, dopamine, and noradrenaline) ( 10 , 12 , 14 , 15 ) ( Table 1 ). Many other compounds were identified in the venom, but they are unlikely to possess toxicological importance.…”

Section: The Honeybee Venommentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological Risk Assessment of the Accidental Ingestion of a Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) Present in Food

Marinho

Soto-Blanco

2020

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The aim of the present work was to evaluate the possible risk of toxic effects due to the ingestion of a honeybee ( Apis mellifera L.) accidentally present in food. The methodology used in this study was a bibliographic survey of studies on the toxic effects related to honeybees, with a critical analysis of the possible risks of accidental ingestion of these insects. The amount of venom present in a bee is considered insufficient to induce detectable toxic effects in a person who ingests it by accident, and various components of the venom are destroyed by gastric secretions. However, despite the rare frequency, there is a risk of the ingestion of a bee, causing an allergic reaction to some components of the venom in sensitized individuals. In addition, pollen carried by a bee may cause an allergic reaction in a sensitive individual. Thus, the accidental ingestion of a bee present in a food does not pose the risk of toxic effects for the majority of the population but may promote allergic reactions in susceptible individuals.

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