Massive MIMO for Fifth Generation (5G): Opportunities and Challenges

Adnan, Noor Hidayah M; Rafiqul, Islam Md.; Alam, Ahm Zahirul

doi:10.1109/iccce.2016.23

Cited by 42 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Extract and output the gateway locations from the saved best chromosome END The selection, crossover, and mutation processes continue for Gmax generations. The chromosome having the best fitness over all generations is output, providing the final gateway locations and allowing the calculation of ANH and BNC using (2) and 1…”

Section: Phase 3: Genetic Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fast Heuristic for Gateway Location in Wireless Backhaul of 5G Ultra-Dense Networks

et al. 2021

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In 5G Ultra-Dense Networks, a distributed wireless backhaul is an attractive solution for forwarding traffic to the core. The macro-cell coverage area is divided into many small cells. A few of these cells are designated as gateways and are linked to the core by high-capacity fiber optic links. Each small cell is associated with one gateway and all small cells forward their traffic to their respective gateway through multi-hop mesh networks. We investigate the gateway location problem and show that finding near-optimal gateway locations improves the backhaul network capacity. An exact p-median integer linear program is formulated for comparison with our novel K-GA heuristic that combines a Genetic Algorithm (GA) with K-means clustering to find near-optimal gateway locations. We compare the performance of K-GA with six other approaches in terms of average number of hops and backhaul network capacity at different node densities through extensive Monte Carlo simulations. All approaches are tested in various user distribution scenarios, including uniform distribution, bivariate Gaussian distribution, and cluster distribution. In all cases, K-GA provides near-optimal results, achieving average number of hops and backhaul network capacity within 2% of optimal while saving an average of 95% of the execution time. INDEX TERMS 5G, backhaul network capacity, gateway location problem, heuristic, machine learning, small cells, ultra-dense networks.

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Section: Phase 3: Genetic Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fast Heuristic for Gateway Location in Wireless Backhaul of 5G Ultra-Dense Networks

et al. 2021

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“…Antenna array is seen as one of the innovative solutions of massive MIMO and 5G networks for their performance enhancement capability in multipath environment [1]. The performance of massive MIMO technology strongly depends on properties and configurations of the antenna arrays being deployed [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Inter-Element Spacing and Number of Elements on Planar Array Antenna Characteristics

Adnan¹,

Rafiqul²,

Alam³

2018

IJEECS

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<p>Planar array antenna is seen as one of the innovative solutions of massive MIMO and 5G networks since they provide directive beams. In this paper, planar array antenna with square and rectangular arrangements based on 2 x 2 antenna elements as one subarray was proposed. Then, array factor for the the planar array antenna with up to 64 antenna elements was calculated to analyze the effects of inter-element spacing and number of elements on the antenna characteristics. Higher values of inter-element spacing contributed to higher number of side lobes, narrower main lobe, higher directivity and lower half power beamwidth (HPBW). Inter-element spacing equals to 0.5λ was found to be the most suitable value for planar array antenna design based on the analysis. Meanwhile, higher number of antenna elements increased the value of directivity of the planar array with narrower HPBW. Therefore, there is a tradeoff between directivity and HPBW in designing planar array antenna for massive MIMO application. </p><p> </p>

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“…Patch antennas (also known as Microstrip antennas) are the most widely used antennas because of their low profile, small size, conformability, ease of use, lower cost, and versatility in terms of realization. Hence, these antennas are widely used in various useful applications [2][3][4]. In contrast rectangular microstrip patch antenna (RMPA) has few disadvantages such as low gain and narrow band.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 2X2 MIMO Patch Antenna for Multi-Band Applications

Rafiqul

Rafiq

et al. 2017

IJEEI

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In this paper, a Multiple Input Multiple Output (2x2MIMO) patch antenna for multiband applications has been proposed. It has been designed using groups of rings nearby the stepped cut at four corners of the patch and a separation in mid slot. This modification is proposed in order to increase the resonant frequencies and reduce the mutual coupling. The proposed 2x2 MIMO patch antenna is simulated using Computer Simulation Technology (CST), fabricated and tested. With such small geometrical dimensions, the proposed antenna is suitable for LTE (1.8 GHz), WiFi (2.4 GHz), and WiMax (3.5 GHz, 5.2 GHz and 5.5 GHz) applications.

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Massive MIMO for Fifth Generation (5G): Opportunities and Challenges

Cited by 42 publications

References 22 publications

A Fast Heuristic for Gateway Location in Wireless Backhaul of 5G Ultra-Dense Networks

A Fast Heuristic for Gateway Location in Wireless Backhaul of 5G Ultra-Dense Networks

Effects of Inter-Element Spacing and Number of Elements on Planar Array Antenna Characteristics

A 2X2 MIMO Patch Antenna for Multi-Band Applications

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