Massive nanoprecipitation in an Fe-19Ni-xAl maraging steel triggered by the intrinsic heat treatment during laser metal deposition

Kürnsteiner, Philipp; Wilms, Markus Benjamin; Weisheit, Andreas; Barriobero-Vila, Pere; Jägle, Eric Aimé; Raabe, Dierk

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2017.02.069

Cited by 270 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…These features correspond well to previous studies on microstructural characterization of as-quenched maraging steels [15]. At the resolution level of conventional TEM, no precipitates larger than 10 nm were observed inside the lath structure, which is consistent with a previous result of atomic-probe tomography [19][20][21].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The melt pools were approximately 50-100 µ m high ( Figure 3a) and approximately 50 µ m wide (Figure 3b). They contained elongated cellar structures with a mean spacing of approximately 500 nm (Figure 3c,d), as reported in the literature [10,11,[19][20][21]. The elongation direction of the cellar structure appears to be independent of the presence of the melt pool boundaries.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

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Crystallographic Features of Microstructure in Maraging Steel Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

Takata

Nishida

Suzuki

et al. 2018

Metals

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This study characterizes the microstructure and its associated crystallographic features of bulk maraging steels fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) combined with a powder bed technique. The fabricated sample exhibited characteristic melt pools in which the regions had locally melted and rapidly solidified. A major part of these melt pools corresponded with the ferrite (α) matrix, which exhibited a lath martensite structure with a high density of dislocations. A number of fine retained austenite (γ) with a <001> orientation along the build direction was often localized around the melt pool boundaries. The orientation relationship of these fine γ grains with respect to the adjacent α grains in the martensite structure was (111) γ //(011) α and [-101] γ //[-1-11] α (Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation relationship). Using the obtained results, we inferred the microstructure development of maraging steels during the SLM process. The results depict that new and diverse high-strength materials can be used to develop industrial molds and dies.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Crystallographic Features of Microstructure in Maraging Steel Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

Takata

Nishida

Suzuki

et al. 2018

Metals

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“…Co was added as half the alloy's overall composition to each axis, since it has very low demixing tendency. The data points besides the present HEA are taken from [54][55][56][57][58]. The plot reveals a trend that the CCA can be interpreted as an extension of conventional steel alloy design in terms of B2 precipitation in an A2 matrix.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Early stage phase separation of AlCoCr0.75Cu0.5FeNi high-entropy powder at the nanoscale

Peter

Duarte

Liebscher

et al. 2020

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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High entropy alloys are generally considered to be single phase material. This state is, however, typically a non-equilibrium state after fabrication at high cooling rates. Phase constitution after fabrication or heat treatment is mostly known for isothermal annealing only and for casts as well as rapidly quenched alloys. Knowledge on early phase separation stages of high entropy alloys and their mechanisms are missing so far. Here, we present results on phase separation at intermediate cooling rates, by characterization of gas atomized powder of the AlCoCr 0.75 Cu 0.5 FeNi alloy. Although investigation by X-ray diffraction and Electron Backscatter Diffraction indicates a single-phase nature of the powder particles, aberrationcorrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography reveal a nanoscale phase separation into Ni-Al-rich B2 and Fe-Cr-rich A2 regions as well as a high number density of 3.1x10 24 Cu-rich clusters per m 3 in the B2 matrix. The observed phase separation and cluster formation are linked to spinodal decomposition and nucleation processes, respectively. The study highlights that adequate characterization techniques need to be chosen when making statements about phase stability and structural evolution in compositionally complex alloys.

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“…One of the exciting aspects of this evolving technology is its ability to manufacture material having a microstructure that is composed of a wide range of crystallographic phases, previously only possible in traditionally manufacturing methods through post thermo-mechanical processes [1]. Furthermore, taking advantage of the intrinsic heat treatment (IHT) of the AM fabrication process, which is associated with cyclic reheating of layers through continued layer deposition, there is the potential to induce precipitation growth in situ [2]. This, in turn, offers the AM technology the potential for material inclusion engineering towards enhancing the material mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the As-Built SLM Ti-6Al-4V Mechanical Properties towards Achieving Fatigue Resistant Designs

Agius

Kourousis

Wallbrink

2018

Metals

171

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Ti-6Al-4V has been widely used in both the biomedical and aerospace industry, due to its high strength, corrosion resistance, high fracture toughness and light weight. Additive manufacturing (AM) is an attractive method of Ti-6Al-4V parts' fabrication, as it provides a low waste alternative for complex geometries. With continued progress being made in SLM technology, the influence of build layers, grain boundaries and defects can be combined to improve further the design process and allow the fabrication of components with improved static and fatigue strength in critical loading directions. To initiate this possibility, the mechanical properties, including monotonic, low and high cycle fatigue and fracture mechanical behaviour, of machined as-built SLM Ti-6Al-4V, have been critically reviewed in order to inform the research community. The corresponding crystallographic phases, defects and layer orientations have been analysed to determine the influence of these features on the mechanical behaviour. This review paper intends to enhance our understanding of how these features can be manipulated and utilised to improve the fatigue resistance of components fabricated from Ti-6Al-4V using the SLM technology.

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Massive nanoprecipitation in an Fe-19Ni-xAl maraging steel triggered by the intrinsic heat treatment during laser metal deposition

Cited by 270 publications

References 52 publications

Crystallographic Features of Microstructure in Maraging Steel Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

Crystallographic Features of Microstructure in Maraging Steel Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

Early stage phase separation of AlCoCr0.75Cu0.5FeNi high-entropy powder at the nanoscale

A Review of the As-Built SLM Ti-6Al-4V Mechanical Properties towards Achieving Fatigue Resistant Designs

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