Mast cell, the peculiar member of the immune system: A homeostatic aspect

Csaba, G.

doi:10.1556/030.62.2015.3.1

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 167 publications

(156 reference statements)

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“…Many studies have shown that MCs are crucial for the maintenance of tissue function, tissue homeostasis, and during all steps of tissue repair from the initial inflammatory reaction and proliferation of connective cellular elements to final remodelling of the extracellular matrix [ 6 , 7 ]. However, some effects of MCs are controversial and frequently opposite most likely due to the phenotypic heterogeneity of MCs in different tissues [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of Mature (Peritoneum-Derived) Mast Cells and Immature (Bone Marrow-Derived) Mast Cell Precursors from Mice

et al. 2016

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Mast cells (MCs) are a versatile cell type playing key roles in tissue morphogenesis and host defence against bacteria and parasites. Furthermore, they can enhance immunological danger signals and are implicated in inflammatory disorders like fibrosis. This granulated cell type originates from the myeloid lineage and has similarities to basophilic granulocytes, both containing large quantities of histamine and heparin. Immature murine mast cells mature in their destination tissue and adopt either the connective tissue (CTMC) or mucosal (MMC) type. Some effector functions are executed by activation/degranulation of MCs which lead to secretion of a typical set of MC proteases (MCPT) and of the preformed or newly synthesized mediators from its granules into the local microenvironment. Due to the potential accumulation of mutations in key signalling pathway components of corresponding MC cell-lines, primary cultured MCs are an attractive mean to study general features of MC biology and aspects of MC functions relevant to human disease. Here, we describe a simple protocol for the simultaneous isolation of mature CTMC-like murine MCs from the peritoneum (PMCs) and immature MC precursors from the bone marrow (BM). The latter are differentiated in vitro to yield BM-derived MCs (BMMC). These cells display the typical morphological and phenotypic features of MCs, express the typical MC surface markers, and can be propagated and kept in culture for several weeks. The provided protocol allows simple amplification of large quantities of homogenous, non-transformed MCs from the peritoneum and bone marrow-derived mast cells for cell- and tissue-based biomedical research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of Mature (Peritoneum-Derived) Mast Cells and Immature (Bone Marrow-Derived) Mast Cell Precursors from Mice

et al. 2016

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“…MCs are very special cells of the immune system derived from pluripotent cells of the myeloid lineage and are widely distributed in connective tissues throughout the body, including the reproductive system and placental tissue of women [ 4 – 6 ]. Unlike other white blood cells, MCs present in blood are immature in the form of MC progenitors generated from CD34 + hematopoietic stem cells, and these cells become fully competent after recruitment into the tissue at target localization [ 7 ]. Terminal differentiation of MCs occurs under the influence of c-kit ligand (CD117) and cytokine stem cell factor (SCF) in the local site microenvironment containing other distinct cytokines (e.g., IL-3 and IL-33), especially growth factors [ 8 ].…”

Section: Mcs and Mc-derived Mediators In A Woman's Reproductive Syste...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike other white blood cells, MCs present in blood are immature in the form of MC progenitors generated from CD34 + hematopoietic stem cells, and these cells become fully competent after recruitment into the tissue at target localization [7]. Terminal differentiation of MCs occurs under the influence of c-kit ligand (CD117) and cytokine stem cell factor (SCF) in the local site microenvironment containing other distinct cytokines (e.g., IL-3 and IL-33), especially growth factors [8].…”

Section: Mcs and Mc-derived Mediators In Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Mast Cell Activation Syndrome in COVID-19 and Female Reproductive Function: Theoretical Background vs. Accumulating Clinical Evidence

Szukiewicz

Wątroba

Szewczyk

2022

Journal of Immunology Research

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, can affect almost all systems and organs of the human body, including those responsible for reproductive function in women. The multisystem inflammatory response in COVID-19 shows many analogies with mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS), and MCAS may be an important component in the course of COVID-19. Of note, the female sex hormones estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) significantly influence mast cell (MC) behavior. This review presents the importance of MCs and the mediators from their granules in the female reproductive system, including pregnancy, and discusses the mechanism of potential disorders related to MCAS. Then, the available data on COVID-19 in the context of hormonal disorders, the course of endometriosis, female fertility, and the course of pregnancy were compiled to verify intuitively predicted threats. Surprisingly, although COVID-19 hyperinflammation and post-COVID-19 illness may be rooted in MCAS, the available clinical data do not provide grounds for treating this mechanism as significantly increasing the risk of abnormal female reproductive function, including pregnancy. Further studies in the context of post COVID-19 condition (long COVID), where inflammation and a procoagulative state resemble many aspects of MCAS, are needed.

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“…Mast cells are specialized bone marrow-derived cells that play an important role in health [1] and in allergies [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] but also in innate and in adaptive immune processes [13][14][15][16], antigen presentation [16,17], regulation of T-cell responses [18][19][20], autoimmunity [21] and inflammation [10,[22][23][24][25] in response to allergic and immunologic stress [4,26,27] but also non-allergic stress and toxic stimuli [10,28]. Mast cells are increased in number and are more reactive in mastocytosis [26] and mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) [26,29,30], but they can also participate in other disorders [4,10,[31][32][33], including neurotrauma, neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases [34][35][36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Role of Moesin in Regulating Mast Cell Secretion

Kempuraj

2023

IJMS

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Mast cells have existed for millions of years in species that never suffer from allergic reactions. Hence, in addition to allergies, mast cells can play a critical role in homeostasis and inflammation via secretion of numerous vasoactive, pro-inflammatory and neuro-sensitizing mediators. Secretion may utilize different modes that involve the cytoskeleton, but our understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating secretion is still not well understood. The Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin (ERM) family of proteins is involved in linking cell surface-initiated signaling to the actin cytoskeleton. However, how ERMs may regulate secretion from mast cells is still poorly understood. ERMs contain two functional domains connected through a long α-helix region, the N-terminal FERM (band 4.1 protein-ERM) domain and the C-terminal ERM association domain (C-ERMAD). The FERM domain and the C-ERMAD can bind to each other in a head-to-tail manner, leading to a closed/inactive conformation. Typically, phosphorylation on the C-terminus Thr has been associated with the activation of ERMs, including secretion from macrophages and platelets. It has previously been shown that the ability of the so-called mast cell “stabilizer” disodium cromoglycate (cromolyn) to inhibit secretion from rat mast cells closely paralleled the phosphorylation of a 78 kDa protein, which was subsequently shown to be moesin, a member of ERMs. Interestingly, the phosphorylation of moesin during the inhibition of mast cell secretion was on the N-terminal Ser56/74 and Thr66 residues. This phosphorylation pattern could lock moesin in its inactive state and render it inaccessible to binding to the Soluble NSF attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) and synaptosomal-associated proteins (SNAPs) critical for exocytosis. Using confocal microscopic imaging, we showed moesin was found to colocalize with actin and cluster around secretory granules during inhibition of secretion. In conclusion, the phosphorylation pattern and localization of moesin may be important in the regulation of mast cell secretion and could be targeted for the development of effective inhibitors of secretion of allergic and inflammatory mediators from mast cells.

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Mast cell, the peculiar member of the immune system: A homeostatic aspect

Cited by 13 publications

References 167 publications

Isolation of Mature (Peritoneum-Derived) Mast Cells and Immature (Bone Marrow-Derived) Mast Cell Precursors from Mice

Isolation of Mature (Peritoneum-Derived) Mast Cells and Immature (Bone Marrow-Derived) Mast Cell Precursors from Mice

Mast Cell Activation Syndrome in COVID-19 and Female Reproductive Function: Theoretical Background vs. Accumulating Clinical Evidence

Potential Role of Moesin in Regulating Mast Cell Secretion

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