Mast Cells and Mastocytosis

Söderholm, Johan D.

doi:10.1159/000268133

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…Impaired mast cell apoptosis and interleukin 6 have also been postulated to be involved, as evidenced by BCL-2 up-regulation and IL-6 elevation in tissue. Some activating point mutation of c-kit in codon 816 (usually KITD816V), encoding the tyrosine kinasereceptor for stem cell factor, are found to be associated with systemic form [85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98]. Since Omalizumab reduces the expression of FcεRI on circulating basophils and mast cells, it seems to lower the activity potentials of basophils and mast cells, thereby reducing the potential reactivity of these cells [81,88].…”

Section: Omalizumab Effects On Hyperimmunoglobulin-e Syndrome Eosinomentioning

confidence: 99%

ANTI-Ige: An Overview

Yalçın¹

2014

Glob J Allergy

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Asthma is common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterised by variable and attacks of cough and breathlesness, usually precipitated by an enviromental trigger (air pollution, smoke, etc). The prevalence and severity for allergic asthma have increased markedly in the last several decades. Dysregulated expression patterns of pro-and anti inflammatory mechanisms are thought to be responsible for the development of chronic inflammation. The risk of developing asthma has a strong genetic component, with estimated heritability ranging from 35 to 85%. The mechanism of action of Omalizumab in the treatment of asthma is believed to be multifactorial.

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Section: Omalizumab Effects On Hyperimmunoglobulin-e Syndrome Eosinomentioning

confidence: 99%

ANTI-Ige: An Overview

Yalçın¹

2014

Glob J Allergy

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“…Mast cells are reported to form extracellular DNA-chromatin webs, with cathelicidin LL-37 attached, that may trap and kill microbes 127 . In addition to their direct antimicrobial activity they also induce cytolysis by forming membrane pores and under certain conditions suppress essential microbial intracellular functions 128 .…”

Section: Antimicrobial Peptide Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of mast cells and probiotics in the regulation of intestinal barrier function

Carlsson¹

2013

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About the coverThe cover displays immunofluorescence image of intestinal villus epithelium and mast cells. Nuclei are stained blue with DAPI and mast cell tryptase is stained green. The image was acquired on a Zeiss LSM 700.During the course of the research underlying this thesis, Anders Carlsson was enrolled in Forum GIMIICum, faa national research school in gastrointestinal infection and inflammation funded by the Swedish Research Council and based at Linköping University ABSTRACTThe intestinal mucosa is the largest contact area and one of the most important barriers to the outside environment. It is highly specialized in aiding us digest and absorb nutrients. It is daily exposed to several potentially dangerous substances and microorganisms, which if they were allowed to pass into the body, could give rise to diseases. Throughout the small intestine certain sites specialized in antigen sampling are found. These sites are named Peyer's patches and are lymphoid follicles. The epithelium covering the Peyer's patches is called follicle-associated epithelium and is specialized in antigen sampling and uptake. The special epithelium enables presentation of luminal antigen to immune cells in the underlying follicle. Persistent life stress and stressful life events affect the course of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) through largely unknown mechanisms. Regulation of epithelial permeability to antigens is crucial for the balance between inflammation and immune-surveillance, and increased intestinal permeability has been shown in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohns disease. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and corticotropin-releasing factor have been implicated as important mediators of stress-induced abnormalities in intestinal mucosal functions in animal models. Both of these mediators have been reported to regulate bowel ion secretion in humans during stress and uptake of horseradish peroxidase in rodents. Probiotics have been shown to ameliorate the deleterious effects of stress on intestinal function, but mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The aim of this thesis was to elucidate whether mast cells play an important role in intestinal barrier function during stress and inflammation. Moreover, we wanted to determine whether probiotics can ameliorate the mucosal barrier integrity during stress and inflammation.To study the function of mast cells we conducted in vitro experiments on cell lines and ex vivo experiments in Ussing chambers on mouse, rat and human intestinal tissue. The Ussing chamber technique measures electrophysiological properties of the tissue and also gives the possibility to study transcellular and paracellular passage of markers and bacteria. Immunohistology and confocal microscopy have been used to identify mast cells and receptors of interest.Our results show that stress affects the follicle-associated epithelium barrier by mechanisms involving VIP and mast cells. These findings were corroborated by the localization of VIP receptors on mucosal ...

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“…histamine and proteases) as well as newly synthesized mediators (e.g. prostaglandins, leukotrienes and cytokines) [31]. The physiological significance of the activated MMCs during fat absorption is unknown.…”

Section: Activation Of Mucosal Mast Cells and Release Of Mast Cell Mementioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient-induced inflammation in the intestine

Sakata

Tso

2011

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care

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Purpose of review To review our current understanding of the relationship between absorption of nutrients and intestinal inflammatory response. Recent findings There is increasing evidence linking gut local inflammatory events with the intake of nutrients. Our recent studies, using the conscious lymph fistula rat model, demonstrate that fat absorption activates the intestinal mucosal mast cells. This is accompanied by a dramatic increase in the lymphatic release of mast cell mediators including histamine, rat mucosal mast cell protease II (RMCPII), as well as the lipid mediator prostaglandin D2 (PGD2). Clinical studies suggest that increased consumption of animal fat may play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. This impact of dietary fat may not be restricted to the gut but may extend to the whole body. There is evidence linking a high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome, with a low-grade chronic inflammatory state. In this review, we hope to convince the readers that fat absorption can have far reaching physiological and pathophysiological consequences. Summary Understanding the relationship between nutrient absorption and intestinal inflammation is important. We need a better understanding of the interaction between enterocytes and the intestinal immune cells in nutrient absorption and the gut inflammatory responses.

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Mast Cells and Mastocytosis

Cited by 14 publications

References 114 publications

ANTI-Ige: An Overview

ANTI-Ige: An Overview

Role of mast cells and probiotics in the regulation of intestinal barrier function

Nutrient-induced inflammation in the intestine

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