Mast Cells in Diabetes and Diabetic Wound Healing

Dong, Jie; Chen, Lihong; Zhang, Ying; Jayaswal, Navin; Mezghani, Ikram; Zhang, Weijie; Veves, Aristidis

doi:10.1007/s12325-020-01499-4

Cited by 68 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Mast cells are highly differentiated, widely distributed cells of the innate immune system. The involvement of mast cells in diabetes is corroborated by findings indicating that these cells are associated with inflamed adipose tissue, the development of certain diabetes complications such as diabetic nephropathy, and reduced wound healing in the case of diabetic foot lesions [70][71][72][73]. In the present review we have discussed the role of mast cells in the diabetic pancreas.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Mast Cells and the Pancreas in Human Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

Masini

Suleiman

Novelli

et al. 2021

Cells

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Mast cells are highly differentiated, widely distributed cells of the innate immune system, that are currently considered as key regulators of both innate and adaptive immunity. Mast cells play a key role in health and survival mechanisms, especially as sentinel cells that can stimulate protective immune responses. On the other hand, it has been shown that mast cells are involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases, and recently a possible pathogenetic role of mast cells in diabetes has been proposed. In this review we summarize the evidence on the increased presence of mast cells in the pancreas of subjects with type 1 diabetes, which is due to the autoimmune destruction of insulin secreting beta cells, and discuss the differences with type 2 diabetes, the other major form of diabetes. In addition, we describe some of the pathophysiological mechanisms through which mast cells might exert their actions, which could be targeted to potentially protect the beta cells in autoimmune diabetes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Mast Cells and the Pancreas in Human Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

Masini

Suleiman

Novelli

et al. 2021

Cells

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“…Although they are known for their role in allergic reactions, mast cells can become activated in response to many different stimuli and are believed to play a role in a number physiological and pathologic processes outside of allergic responses. For example, roles for mast cells have been described in maintaining normal homeostasis, defense against parasitic, viral, and bacterial infections, neutralization/resistance to venom and toxins, and the development of diseases such as cancer and diabetes [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Mast cells are also involved in the wound repair process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Evidence for and against a Role for Mast Cells in Cutaneous Scarring and Fibrosis

Wilgus

Uddin

Bayat

2020

IJMS

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Scars are generated in mature skin as a result of the normal repair process, but the replacement of normal tissue with scar tissue can lead to biomechanical and functional deficiencies in the skin as well as psychological and social issues for patients that negatively affect quality of life. Abnormal scars, such as hypertrophic scars and keloids, and cutaneous fibrosis that develops in diseases such as systemic sclerosis and graft-versus-host disease can be even more challenging for patients. There is a large body of literature suggesting that inflammation promotes the deposition of scar tissue by fibroblasts. Mast cells represent one inflammatory cell type in particular that has been implicated in skin scarring and fibrosis. Most published studies in this area support a pro-fibrotic role for mast cells in the skin, as many mast cell-derived mediators stimulate fibroblast activity and studies generally indicate higher numbers of mast cells and/or mast cell activation in scars and fibrotic skin. However, some studies in mast cell-deficient mice have suggested that these cells may not play a critical role in cutaneous scarring/fibrosis. Here, we will review the data for and against mast cells as key regulators of skin fibrosis and discuss scientific gaps in the field.

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“…Mast cells are also involved in the development of chronic wounds. Cutaneous mast cells are degranulated in diabetic ulcers and the downregulation of their activity accelerates wound repair [ 99 ]. T cells take part in maintaining a pro-inflammatory profile of non-healing skin injuries.…”

Section: Chronic Wound Healingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunology of Acute and Chronic Wound Healing

et al. 2021

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Skin wounds greatly affect the global healthcare system, creating a substantial burden on the economy and society. Moreover, the situation is exacerbated by low healing rates, which in fact are overestimated in reports. Cutaneous wounds are generally classified into acute and chronic. The immune response plays an important role during acute wound healing. The activation of immune cells and factors initiate the inflammatory process, facilitate wound cleansing and promote subsequent tissue healing. However, dysregulation of the immune system during the wound healing process leads to persistent inflammation and delayed healing, which ultimately result in chronic wounds. The microenvironment of a chronic wound is characterized by high quantities of pro-inflammatory macrophages, overexpression of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and IL-1β, increased activity of matrix metalloproteinases and abundance of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, chronic wounds are frequently complicated by bacterial biofilms, which perpetuate the inflammatory phase. Continuous inflammation and microbial biofilms make it very difficult for the chronic wounds to heal. In this review, we discuss the role of innate and adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic wounds. Furthermore, we review the latest immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies, including modifying macrophage phenotype, regulating miRNA expression and targeting pro- and anti-inflammatory factors to improve wound healing.

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Mast Cells in Diabetes and Diabetic Wound Healing

Cited by 68 publications

References 97 publications

Mast Cells and the Pancreas in Human Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

Mast Cells and the Pancreas in Human Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

A Review of the Evidence for and against a Role for Mast Cells in Cutaneous Scarring and Fibrosis

Immunology of Acute and Chronic Wound Healing

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