Mast Cells, microRNAs and Others: The Role of Translational Research on Colorectal Cancer in the Forthcoming Era of Precision Medicine

Sammarco, Giuseppe; Gallo, Gaetano; Vescio, G; Picciariello, Arcangelo; Paola, Gilda De; Trompetto, Mario; Currò, Giuseppe; Ammendola, Michele

doi:10.3390/jcm9092852

Cited by 43 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…The first type is non-invasive, such as liquid biopsy, imaging (PET-MRI) and nanotechnologies. The second type of biomarker related to survival comprises those found in biopsies, such as mast cells (MCs), microRNAs (miRNAs), KRAS and v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homologue B ( BRAF ) [ 3 , 4 ]. With the development of transcriptomics, more biomarkers have been discovered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression and Prognostic Characteristics of m6A RNA Methylation Regulators in Colon Cancer

Huang

Zhu

Kong

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Colon cancer is a common and leading cause of death and malignancy worldwide. N6-methylation of adenosine (m6A) is the most common reversible mRNA modification in eukaryotes, and it plays a crucial role in various biological functions in vivo. Dysregulated expression and genetic changes of m6A regulators have been correlated with tumorigenesis, cancer cell proliferation, tumor microenvironment, and prognosis in cancers. This study used RNA-seq and colon cancer clinical data to explore the relationship between N6-methylation and colon cancer. Based on the seven m6A regulators related to prognosis, three molecular subgroups of colon cancer were identified. Surprisingly, we found that each subgroup had unique survival characteristics. We then identified three subtypes of tumors based on 299 m6A phenotype-related genes, and one subtype was characterized as an immunosuppressive tumor and patients in this subtype may be more suitable for immunotherapy than other subtypes. Finally, using m6A-related genes and clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort, we constructed a prognosis model, and this model could be used to predict the prognosis of patients in clinics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression and Prognostic Characteristics of m6A RNA Methylation Regulators in Colon Cancer

Huang

Zhu

Kong

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…CRC is a genetically (mutation status, i.e., microsatellite instability (MSI)), anatomically, and transcriptionally (different molecular subtypes (CMSs)) heterogeneous disease [ 13 , 15 ].…”

Section: Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A better understanding of the TME is essential for the improvement and design of novel therapeutic strategies for colorectal cancer [ 13 , 14 ]. The aim of this narrative review is to present current knowledge regarding the composition of the TME and strategies for patients with CRC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Targets and Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer

Gallo

Vescio

Paola

et al. 2021

JCM

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a genetically, anatomically, and transcriptionally heterogeneous disease. The prognosis for a CRC patient depends on the stage of the tumor at diagnosis and widely differs accordingly. The tumor microenvironment (TME) in CRC is an important factor affecting targeted cancer therapy. The TME has a dynamic composition including various cell types, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumor-associated macrophages, regulatory T cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, as well as extracellular factors that surround cancer cells and have functional and structural roles under physiological and pathological conditions. Moreover, the TME can limit the efficacy of therapeutic agents through high interstitial pressure, fibrosis, and the degradation of the therapeutic agents by enzymatic activity. For this reason, the TME is a fertile ground for the discovery of new drugs. The aim of this narrative review is to present current knowledge and future perspectives regarding the TME composition based on strategies for patients with CRC.

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“…miRNAs that promote cancer development are called oncomirs, while miRNAs that suppress cancer development are called tumor suppressive miRNAs (ts-miRNAs). Although many ts-miRNAs exist [3,4], we are focusing on one microRNA, microRNA-124 (miR-124), which is important in neurogenesis. Elsewhere, epigenetic changes of miRNAs in cancer cells can also be useful as biomarkers; however, this is outside the scope of this text and is summarized in other literatures [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor Suppressive Effects of miR-124 and Its Function in Neuronal Development

Sanuki

Yamamura

2021

IJMS

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MicroRNA-124 (miR-124) is strongly expressed in neurons, and its expression increases as neurons mature. Through DNA methylation in the miR-124 promoter region and adsorption of miR-124 by non-coding RNAs, miR-124 expression is known to be reduced in many cancer cells, especially with high malignancy. Recently, numerous studies have focused on miR-124 due to its promising tumor-suppressive effects; however, the overview of their results is unclear. We surveyed the tumor-suppressive effect of miR-124 in glial cell lineage cancers, which are the most frequently reported cancer types involving miR-124, and in lung, colon, liver, stomach, and breast cancers, which are the top five causes of cancer death. Reportedly, miR-124 not only inhibits proliferation and accelerates apoptosis, but also comprehensively suppresses tumor malignant transformation. Moreover, we found that miR-124 exerts its anti-tumor effects by regulating a wide range of target genes, most notably STAT3 and EZH2. In addition, when compared to the original role of miR-124 in neuronal development, we found that the miR-124 target genes that contribute to neuronal maturation share similarities with genes that cause cancer cell metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We believe that the two apparently unrelated fields, cancer and neuronal development, can bring new discoveries to each other through the study of miR-124.

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Mast Cells, microRNAs and Others: The Role of Translational Research on Colorectal Cancer in the Forthcoming Era of Precision Medicine

Cited by 43 publications

References 144 publications

Expression and Prognostic Characteristics of m6A RNA Methylation Regulators in Colon Cancer

Expression and Prognostic Characteristics of m6A RNA Methylation Regulators in Colon Cancer

Therapeutic Targets and Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer

Tumor Suppressive Effects of miR-124 and Its Function in Neuronal Development

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