Master curve of filler localization in rubber blends at an equilibrium state

Le, H. H.; Oßwald, Katja; Ilisch, S.; Hoang, XuanTung; Heinrich, Gert; Radusch, Hans‐Joachim

doi:10.1007/s10853-012-6277-6

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…8, Table 6). In general, positive shift or reduction in peak height indicates the increase in crosslinking and strong rubber-filler interaction in the composite [42,43]. In this case T g of NBR remains almost unaffected, while that of NR shows slight negative shift in case of filled composites compared to that of unfilled one.…”

Section: Dynamic Mechanical Analysismentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Growth of nano-silica at the interface enhances the compatibility of NR/ NBR and blend and leads to strong rubber-filler interaction and improvement in mechanical properties of the composites (discussed in subsequent section). Such distribution of nanoparticles at the interface of a heterogeneous blend is known in literature [40][41][42]. Phase-specific filler localization in NBR/SBR blends was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and pyrolysis gas chromatography [43].…”

Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Compatibilization of natural rubber/nitrile rubber blends by sol–gel nano-silica generated by in situ method

Bansod

Kapgate

Das

et al. 2016

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

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Controlled growth of in situ silica, into natural rubber (NR)/nitrile rubber (NBR) blend (40/60 composition by weight) following solution sol-gel method, results in a coherent blend morphology with enhanced composite properties. Similar composites, i.e., in situ silica-filled NR/ NBR blend (40/60 by weight), showed better mechanical properties than any other composition that were prepared by soaking sol-gel method in earlier study. However, silica content in the rubber blend was limited to 20 phr (parts per hundred parts of rubber) and could not be increased under experimental condition following soaking sol-gel method. In the present work, silica content is increased (up to 30 phr) beyond that limit for the same blend composition. Accordingly, mechanical properties of the NR/NBR composites are improved. Use of a silane coupling agent, viz., bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)-tetra sulfide, in the reactive sol-gel system during in situ silica generation brings in remarkable effect in silica distribution, rubber-filler interaction and mechanical properties of the composites. TEM micrographs of the selected composites reveal that silica is mostly grown at the interfacial region, when silane is used in particular. This results in further enhancement in mechanical properties and compatibility of the blend at the same silica content as evident from stress-strain and dynamic mechanical analysis studies. The reinforcement of effect in situ silica is assessed by Guth-Gold equation and modified form of Guth equation (with shape factor f = 2.53). The results are supported by the detailed studies on rheological, morphological, mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the composites. Graphical AbstractKeywords Rubber blend Á Sol-gel method Á In situ silica Á Rubber-filler interaction Á Silane treatment Á Reinforcement

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Section: Dynamic Mechanical Analysismentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Compatibilization of natural rubber/nitrile rubber blends by sol–gel nano-silica generated by in situ method

Bansod

Kapgate

Das

et al. 2016

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

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“…The correlation between the peak area ratio A ESBR(964) /A SSBR(907) and the given mass ratio ESBR/SSBR presented in Figure 1 b is not described by a straight line as we often observed for other systems containing immiscible rubber components reported in our previous works. [12][13][14][15] Thus, the ratio L B(ESBR) /L B(SSBR) in the rubber-fi ller gel can be determined manually using the calibration curve presented in Figure 1 b. The selective wetting of silica in ESBR/SSBR blend can be calculated according to Equation ( 3) and ( 4) : …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our previous works we developed a wetting concept for quantifying the selective wetting behavior of fi ller in binary and ternary blends containing immiscible rubbers. [12][13][14][15] In this work, the wetting concept is further developed for characterization of the selective silica wetting in miscible ESBR/SSBR blends. The correlation between the microstructure of fi lled ESBR/ SSBR blends and mechanical properties will be discussed.…”

Section: Filler Wetting In Miscible Esbr/ssbr Blends and Its Effect Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Filler Wetting in Miscible ESBR/SSBR Blends and Its Effect on Mechanical Properties

Reincke²,

Das

et al. 2016

Macromol. Mater. Eng.

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The selective wetting behavior of silica in emulsion styrene butadiene rubber (ESBR)/solution styrene butadiene rubber (SSBR) blends is characterized by the wetting concept, which is further developed for filled blends based on miscible rubbers. It is found that not only the chemical rubber–filler affinity but also the topology of the filler surface significantly influences the selective filler wetting in rubber blends. The nanopore structure of the silica surface has been recognized as the main reason for the difference in the wetting behavior of the branched ESBR molecules and linear SSBR molecules. However, the effect of nanopore structure becomes more significant in the presence of silane. It is discussed that the adsorption of silane on silica surface constricts the nanopore to some extent that hinders effectively the space filling of the nanopores by the branched ESBR molecules but not by the linear SSBR molecules. As a result, in silanized ESBR/SSBR blends the dominant wetting of silica surface by the tightly bonded layer of SSBR molecules causes a low‐energy dissipation in the rubber–filler interphase. That imparts the low rolling resistance to the blends similar to that of a silica‐filled SSBR compound, while the ESBR‐rich matrix warrants the good tensile behavior, i.e., good abrasion and wear resistance of the blends.

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“…Most recently, we have proposed a new model for quantitative prediction of the filler localization in different binary blends at a thermodynamic equilibrium state based on the surface tension of filler and rubber components 42. In the present work, this model will be extended for prediction of silica localization and its transfer process in ternary blends of SBR, NBR, and NR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Silica Transfer in Ternary Rubber Blends: Calculation and Experimental Determination

Oßwald

Ilisch

et al. 2011

Macro Materials & Eng

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A novel model is presented for predicting the phase selective filler localization in an equilibrium state for ternary rubber blends of SBR, NBR, and NR. It is based on surface tension data of the rubber components and the filler. Phase‐selective filler localization in ternary rubber blends is determined experimentally by means of FTIR spectroscopy on the basis of the wetting concept. It is found that by preparation of ternary blends with certain silica loadings, pre‐mixed in each blend phase using the masterbatch technology, silica transfer processes between blend phases take place until the equilibrium filler distribution is reached. The sequence of the silica transfer processes can be explained by taking into consideration the formation of a phase‐in‐phase morphology of the ternary blend.

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Master curve of filler localization in rubber blends at an equilibrium state

Cited by 14 publications

References 63 publications

Compatibilization of natural rubber/nitrile rubber blends by sol–gel nano-silica generated by in situ method

Compatibilization of natural rubber/nitrile rubber blends by sol–gel nano-silica generated by in situ method

Filler Wetting in Miscible ESBR/SSBR Blends and Its Effect on Mechanical Properties

Silica Transfer in Ternary Rubber Blends: Calculation and Experimental Determination

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