Masticatory muscle architectural correlates of dietary diversity in Canidae, Ursidae, and across the order Carnivora

Hartstone‐Rose, Adam; Dickinson, Edwin; Deutsch, Ashley R.; Worden, Nikole; Hirschkorn, Gabrielle A

doi:10.1002/ar.24748

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(136 reference statements)

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“…Average adult body mass for 411 mammal genera were extracted from the PanTHERIA database ( 36 ) (Data S19). In addition, total adductor muscle mass (wet weight) were compiled for select vertebrates for which dissection and comparative muscle anatomical data were available in the literature ( 37 – 43 ) (Data S20). All mass variables were log10 transformed prior to further analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A switch in jaw form-function coupling during the evolution of mammals

Tseng

Garcia-Lara

Flynn

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The evolutionary shift from a single-element ear, multi-element jaw to a multi-element ear, single-element jaw during the transition to crown mammals marks one of the most dramatic structural transformations in vertebrates. Research on this transformation has focused on mammalian middle-ear evolution, but a mandible comprised of only the dentary is equally emblematic of this evolutionary radiation. Here we show that the remarkably diverse jaw shapes of crown mammals are coupled with surprisingly stereotyped jaw stiffness. This strength-based morphofunctional regime has a genetic basis and allowed mammalian jaws to effectively resist deformation as they radiated into highly disparate forms with markedly distinct diets. The main functional consequences for the mandible of decoupling hearing and mastication were a trade-off between higher jaw stiffness versus decreased mechanical efficiency and speed compared to non-mammals. This fundamental and consequential shift in jaw form-function underpins the ecological and taxonomic diversification of crown mammals.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A switch in jaw form-function coupling during the evolution of mammals

Tseng

Garcia-Lara

Flynn

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…This measurement assumed bilateral symmetry of the specimens and maximal contraction of bilateral mandibular adductors. To calculate total BF, these measurements were combined, following Hartstone‐Rose et al (2012), (2019), Deutsch et al (2020), and Hartstone‐Rose et al (2021) using the formula:

{BF}_{D} goodbreak= c ((), \frac{((), q_{MS} L_{MS}) + ((), q_{TMP} L_{TMP}) + ((), q_{PT} L_{PT})}{L_{normalD}} goodbreak+ \frac{((), q_{MS} L_{MS}) + ((), q_{TMP} L_{TMP}) + ((), q_{PT} L_{PT})}{L_{normalD}^{'}})

where BF D represents the summed BF at the specific bite point; q MS , q TMP , and q PT represent the PCSA values of the masseter, temporalis, and medial pterygoid, respectively; L MS , L TMP , and L PT represent lever arm lengths of the masseter, temporalis and medial pterygoid, respectively; L D represents the working‐side load arm length of the moment arm for the specific bite point; L ′ D represents the balancing‐side load arm length for the specific bite point; and c represents the force constant of 3 kg/cm 2 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primate body mass and dietary correlates of tooth root surface area

Deutsch

Dickinson

Whichard

et al. 2021

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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Objectives: This study aims to examine primate postcanine tooth root surface area (TRSA) in the context of two ecological variables (diet and bite force). We also assess scaling relationships within distinct taxonomic groups and across the order as a whole.Materials and Methods: Mandibular postcanine TRSA was measured using a threedimensional computed tomography (CT) method for catarrhine (N = 27), platyrrhine (N = 21), and strepsirrhine (N = 24) taxa; this represents the first sample of strepsirrhines. Two different body size proxies were used: cranial geometric mean (GM) using nine linear measurements, and literature-derived body mass (BM).Results: TRSA correlated strongly with body size, scaling with positive allometry or isometry across the order as a whole; however, scaling differed significantly between taxa for some teeth. Among Strepsirrhini, molar TRSA relative to GM differed significantly between folivores and pliant-object feeders. Additionally, P 4 TRSA relative to BM differentiated folivores from both hard-and pliant-object feeders. Among Cercopithecoidea, P 4 TRSA adjusted by GM differed between hard-and pliant-object feeders. Discussion: Dietary signals in TRSA appear primarily driven by high frequency loading experienced by folivores. Stronger and more frequent dietary signals were observed within Strepsirrhini relative to Haplorhini. This may reflect the constraints of orthognathism within the latter, constraining the adaptability of their postcanine teeth.Finally, because of the strong correlation between TRSA and BM for each tooth locus (mean r 2 = 0.82), TRSA can be used to predict BM in fossil primates using provided equations.

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“…Numerous studies have consequently sought to quantify the functional capacity of the feeding system in relation to diet, across a myriad of lineages. For example, relationships between the mechanical properties of foods and bite force have been demonstrated in lizards (Meyers et al., 2018; Verwaijen et al., 2002), primates (Koyabu & Endo, 2009; Taylor & Vinyard, 2009), turtles (Herrel et al., 2018), and bats (Aguirre et al., 2003; Santana et al., 2010; Santana et al., 2012), while food item size has been shown to correlate with gape potential in primates (Dickinson, Pastor, et al., 2021; Perry et al., 2011; Taylor et al., 2009), rodents (Satoh & Iwaku, 2006; Williams et al., 2009), and carnivores (Hartstone‐Rose et al., 2012; Hartstone‐Rose et al., 2019; Hartstone‐Rose et al., 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo bite force in lovebirds (Agapornis roseicollis, Psittaciformes) and their relative biting performance among birds

2022

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Bite force represents a critical measure of an animal's feeding capabilities and has been analyzed in the context of ecology and body size in numerous vertebrate lineages. Among birds, bite force potential has been comprehensively quantified in finches; however, no in vivo data have been reported within parrots (order: Psittaciformes), and an anatomical estimate of bite force has been calculated for only two species. Despite this paucity of data, the parrot feeding system represents one of the most functionally interesting among tetrapods, exhibiting many anatomical novelties unique among birds and contributing to locomotion when parrots climb vertical surfaces. Within this study, we present in vivo bite force data from six rosy‐faced lovebirds (Agapornis roseicollis) at a range of gapes (2.5–10 mm, or 20–50°). These data are contextualized against more than 70 other avian taxa for which bite forces have been previously reported. Our findings demonstrate that bite forces decreased iteratively with each increase in gape size, with all between‐group differences yielding statistical significance. Relative to other birds, Agapornis, Psittacus, and Myiopsitta all exhibit larger bite forces than would be expected for their body size. We infer that the diet of parrots – many of which are specialized granivores, capable of crushing large and mechanically resistant seeds – may have contributed to their relatively strong biting capabilities. This interpretation is supported by other recent studies highlighting how the mechanical properties of foods drive bite forces in other vertebrate lineages, such as lizards and bats.

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Masticatory muscle architectural correlates of dietary diversity in Canidae, Ursidae, and across the order Carnivora

Cited by 17 publications

References 75 publications

A switch in jaw form-function coupling during the evolution of mammals

A switch in jaw form-function coupling during the evolution of mammals

Primate body mass and dietary correlates of tooth root surface area

In vivo bite force in lovebirds (Agapornis roseicollis, Psittaciformes) and their relative biting performance among birds

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