Match activity and physiological load in wheelchair tennis players: a pilot study

Sánchez-Pay, Alejandro; Luque, Gema Torres; Rivas, David Sanz

doi:10.1038/sc.2015.107

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…It must be noted that the perceptual response to training sessions offered values greater than 5 on four occasions, suggesting that our participant was experiencing slalom sit-skiing as a hard activity in general. The yields in this investigation were slightly higher compared to those of four highly trained international WT players during singles matches, where the mean of the sRPE value was described as somewhat hard [46]. This discrepancy could be attributed to differences in the levels of ability and experience between our sit-skier and these WT players.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Physiological response to slalom water skiing: A case study of a sit-skier with paraplegia

Suárez-Iglesias

Pérez

Rodríguez-Marroyo

et al. 2019

Preprint

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23Recreational and competitive slalom waterskiing is popular among those with spinal 24 cord injuries. People with paraplegia can practice on the slalom course using a sit-ski. A 25 slalom run consists of a boat towing the sit-skier through a set of buoys and normally begins 26 with a deep-water start. Despite its popularity, very little is known about the physiological 27 aspects of the sit-skier's preparation. We examined the internal training load (TL) experienced 28 by a sit-skier with paraplegia while learning and improving the slalom deep-water starts, 29 executed with both the traditional technique and an alternative method. The TL was 30 determined by means of heart rate (HR) and session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) 31 methods. The percentage of maximal heart rate values ranged from from 63.2% to 81.3% 32 during deep-water starts. Training sessions were performed most of the time below the 33 ventilatory threshold and tended to be qualitatively described as hard. A moderate but non-34 significant correlation existed between HR and sRPE-based methods. We also found a 35 significant decrement in handgrip strength after practice. These findings indicate that the 36 intensity of training experienced by our sit-skier was moderate in terms of physiological 37 internal load during an adaptive slalom waterskiing training program. TRAINING LOAD IN ADAPTIVE WATER SKIING 3 38 Introduction 39In recent years, adaptive athletes have become more active and their participation 40 exponentially has increased in minor and major events. Accordingly, there is increasing 41 concern that a high level of physical conditioning and knowledge of training methodology are 42 required when preparing athletes with motor disabilities for peaking [1]. However, a limited 43 number of studies has examined adaptive sports performance training, the vast majority have 44 been specifically focused on wheelchair sports [2,3]. In contrast, much uncertainty still exists 45 about the Paralympic sporting disciplines outside the Paralympic Games. This is the case of 46 adaptive waterskiing, a sport that offers recreational opportunities for individuals with spinal 47 cord injuries (SCI) and varying degrees of abilities who are unable to stand [4]. 48The main event within sit-skiing is the discipline of slalom, in which developing a 49 repeatable technique that creates the minimum load during deep-water starts (DWSs), and the 50 ability to perform accurate DWSs, are crucial for the sit-skier's success [5]. Deep-water 51 starting can be characterized as a static exercise where the athlete resists high tow rope loads 52 of ~2.0 -2.5 times body weight, as reported in standing slalom waterskiers [6,7]. The 53 conventional DWS maneuver not only presents complex technical aspects but may also be 54 physically exhausting for individuals who are dependent on upper-body muscular strength 55 and endurance due to the large isometric component. Thus, various DWS methods are taught, 56but whether a sit-skier is starting from the water independently, using...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Physiological response to slalom water skiing: A case study of a sit-skier with paraplegia

Suárez-Iglesias

Pérez

Rodríguez-Marroyo

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…It is important to consider that the limited number of research and restricts scientific information on scientific procedures for coaches [11][12][13][14]. Additional studies are still necessary to analyze other temporal variables and profile physiological to prescribe and monitor the wheelchair PTT.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Duration and Rest Time of Wheel Chair Para Table Tennis at the Rio 2016 Paralympic Games

Silva¹,

Reina²

2018

JSS

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The purpose of this study was to analyse and compare the match characteristics of wheelchair PTT (Para table tennis) classes that played in the team tournament at the Rio 2016 Paralympic. Eight PTT matches of each selected class (1, 2, 4 and 5) were analysed. The variables analysed were DR (duration of rally) and RT (rest time). In observing the characteristics of the matches in Classes 1, 2, 4 and 5, the DR corresponded to 3.4 ± 1.2, 4.2 ± 1.5, 4.5 ± 1.6 and 5.2 ± 1.2 seconds, and RT to 13.8 ± 3.5, 14 ± 3.5, 13.3 ± 3.1 and 12.3 ± 3.3 seconds. In Classes 1 and 2, significant differences in DR were found, but none in RT (p > 0.05). In the DR and RT of classes 4 and 5 there were significant differences (p < 0.05). The results indicated that the DR in Classes 1 and 2 were different because of sitting balance due to severe reduction of function in Class 1 playing arm, interfering in the rally and rest. In Classes 4 and 5 the differences in DR and RT were caused by little sitting balance in Class 4. These characteristics should be used by coaches to check the disadvantages that Class 1 presents against Class 2, and the physical limitations of Class 4 that can directly influence DR in the team tournament against athletes with normal trunk muscle function (Class 5). Planned training prescriptions between classes would aim at achieving better sport performance in training and team tournaments.

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“…However, all these studies have been realized in laboratory environments. Despite the results reported in this area, with the increasing professionalism of Paralympic sport, one of the main tools to measure the objective internal load are HR monitors in WB [7][8][9] where some participants are high SCI players. Probably, if only the absolute HR values are taken into account, the difference between high SCI and non-SCI players would be high due to the reasons previously described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The intensity and match load comparison between high spinal cord injury and non-spinal cord injury wheelchair basketball players: a case report

Iturricastillo

Granados

Yanci

2016

Spinal Cord Ser Cases

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INTRODUCTION: This is a comparative case study between one high spinal cord injury (SCI) and two non-SCI players during an official wheelchair basketball (WB) match. The aim of the study was to calculate the differences in the absolute and relative HR responses and in the match load among one SCI and two non-SCI players in the same WB match. CASE PRESENTATION: The study was conducted with first-division WB players in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain (2014). All of the participants had played the whole official WB match. Absolute heart rate (HR) in the test (10 m Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1, YYIR1 10 m) as well as absolute and relative HR and match load (ML) were recorded for these three players in an official WB match. DISCUSSION: The HRpeak and mean during the YYIR1 10 m test and the whole WB match were lower for the SCI player than the non-SCI players. However, as opposed to absolute HR values, relative HR values and ML reported very similar responses among SCI and non-SCI values. Moreover, in the high-intensity HR zone the values were similar among the three players but not in the low (o75% of HRpeak), moderate (75-85% of HRpeak) and maximal (495% of HRpeak) HR zones. Although the absolute HR values were lower for the SCI player, the relative values and the ML were similar for all the players. Therefore, it could be necessary to use relative HR values to quantify the intensity of efforts in the WB matches. Spinal Cord Series and Cases INTRODUCTIONHeart rate (HR) is normally determined by the pacemaker activity of the sinoatrial (SA) node located in the posterior wall of the right atrium.1 HR can decrease or increase the intrinsic rate primarily by activation of the vagus or sympathetic nerve innervating the SA node.1 In individuals with high spinal cord injury (SCI), the autonomic innervation of the heart is impaired, resulting in lowered maximal HR (HRmax).2,3 Moreover, the increase in HR during exercise in these persons is mostly due to withdrawal of vagal parasympathetic stimulation. 4 The parasympathetic stimulation may, as a consequence of the disturbed sympathetic innervation, give rise to autonomic dysreflexia in individuals with high SCI. 4 In conjunction with factors such as reduced sympathetic nervous system, innervation and cardiovascular function, maximal exercise capacity is reduced when compared with able-bodied individuals. 5With the aim of analyzing the utility of the HR in high SCI players, some studies reported HR responses in laboratory environments along with oxygen consumption 4 and rating of perceived exertion methods (RPE). 6 In this sense, Valent et al 4 reported that the HR-VO 2 relationship appeared linear in only eight out of 18 high SCI participants, so that these authors question the use of HR monitors in this population when prescribing training intensity. Moreover, Lewis et al 6 observed an absence of associations among HR, VO 2 and RPE in motor complete SCI. However, all these studies have been realized in laboratory environments. Despite the results reported in this area, ...

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Match activity and physiological load in wheelchair tennis players: a pilot study

Cited by 24 publications

References 21 publications

Physiological response to slalom water skiing: A case study of a sit-skier with paraplegia

Physiological response to slalom water skiing: A case study of a sit-skier with paraplegia

Analysis of the Duration and Rest Time of Wheel Chair Para Table Tennis at the Rio 2016 Paralympic Games

The intensity and match load comparison between high spinal cord injury and non-spinal cord injury wheelchair basketball players: a case report

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