Matched field processing: Source localization in correlated noise as an optimum parameter estimation problem

Abstract

Matched field processing is a parameter estimation technique for localizing the range, depth, and bearing of a point source from the signal field propagating in an acoustic waveguide. The signal is observed at an array in the presence of additive, spatially correlated noise that also propagates in the same ocean environment as the signal. In a weak signal-to-noise situation this parameter estimation requires the maximum exploitation of the physics of both the signal and noise structure which then must be coupled to optimum methods for the signal processing. We study the physics of this processing by modeling the ocean environment as a waveguide that is horizontally stratified with an arbitrary sound-speed profile in the vertical. Thus, the wave equation describes the underlying structure of the signal and noise, and the signal processing via the generation of the replica fields. Two methods of array processing are examined: (i) the linear cross correlator (Bartlett) and (ii) the maximum likelihood method (MLM) for the parameter estimation procedure. The optimum potential resolution is evaluated using a generalized Cramer–Rao bound. The two processing methods and the lower bound demonstrate that the ability to reject ambiguities is determined not only by the signal-to-noise ratio but also by the relative spatial structures of the signal and noise. Simulations of both the array processing methods and the bounds for shallow water and Arctic environments using full wave modeling of the signal and noise fields illustrate the coupling of the ocean environment to the localization performance.

Incidence Angle Estimation by the Tonpilz Type Underwater Acoustic Vector Sensor with a Quadrupole Structure

“…[1] 일반적으로 음원의 방향을 파악하기 위해서는 다수의 스칼라 트랜스듀서를 사용한 배열형 센서를 이용하는데, Schau [2] 와 Rendas [3] 등이 제안한 두 개 이 상의 하이드로폰을 이용하여 배열센서에 도달하는 음향 신호의 시간 지연차를 이용해 음원의 방위각 (azimuth), 고각(altitude), 거리를 추정하는 방법 또는 Baggeroer [4] 와 Zou [5] …”

Acoustic field calibration for noise prediction: The CALCOM' 10 data set

“…This is the concept of acoustic inversion, which has been largely studied since the 1970's. Many works like the ones of Baggeroer [6], Collins [7], Gerstoft [8], Richardson [9], Jesus [10] and Elisseeff [11], showed successful results of environmental estimation using acoustic signals. the environment, are favorable to the objective at hand, since they optimize for the modeled acoustic field.…”

Multidimensional guided wave dispersion recovery for locating defects in composite materials

“…Matched field processing is a generalized, model-based beamforming framework popularized for underwater acoustics [55,54]. It can also be described as a generalized delay-and-sum technique.…”

“…This process is known as sparse wavenumber synthesis [40,39]. We finally integrate these predictions (i.e., a specific model of wave propagation for the composite) with matched field processing [54,55,37], a model-based localization framework popularized in underwater acoustics [54,55], to locate an active guided wave source.…”