Matched Spatial Filters in Long Working Distance Microscopy of Phase Objects

Strickler, JR

doi:10.1142/9789812817112_0015

Cited by 38 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Experiments were conducted in a 3.0-liter cubic vessel containing spring water that was maintained at the treatment temperature by circulating distilled water in a large water jacket through a refrigeration unit. Mating behavior was recorded using 3D Schlieren laser videography, as developed by Strickler and Hwang (1998) and further described by Doall et al (1998).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of mating behavior and temperature variation on the critical population density of a freshwater copepod

Kramer

Sarnelle

Yen

2011

Limnology & Oceanography

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At low density, population growth rates of dioecious zooplankton depend on the encounter rate of potential mates, resulting in a demographic Allee effect and a critical density for population establishment and persistence. Empirical evidence confirms a critical density for the calanoid copepod Hesperodiatomus shoshone, but existing estimates of the critical density span an order of magnitude. Combining three-dimensional video analysis of mating behavior with life history data from natural populations we estimated H. shoshone critical density to be 0.44-1.44 m 23 . The critical density was highly dependent on body size, primarily as a result of the latter's influence on swimming speed. Swimming speed also depended on temperature, increasing . 25% as temperature increased from 5uC to 16uC. Rapid swimming (1.25-2.4 cm s 21 ) and the ability to follow pheromone trails greatly improved the ability of H. shoshone to find mates. The large effect of temperature on mating behavior means that environmental variation can have a major effect on critical density and indicates that recovery or colonization events may be more likely to succeed in warmer lakes and/or warmer years. Considering the potential for critical densities to vary with environmental conditions is important for understanding how these thresholds determine population establishment and persistence in sexually reproducing aquatic organisms and other populations subject to Allee effects.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of mating behavior and temperature variation on the critical population density of a freshwater copepod

Kramer

Sarnelle

Yen

2011

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…On the other hand, behavioral studies of smaller animals such as tiny fishes, crabs and plankton organisms required the use of sophisticated in situ [34][35] and laboratory [36] video system. Examples come from the wide spectrum of swimming behaviors related to the species [37], the age [38][39][40][41], the prey density [42][43][44], the presence of a predator or a conspecific [41,[45][46], the sex of individuals [39,[47][48], the information imparted into the surrounding water by a swimming animal [49][50], including both chemical [51][52] and hydromechanical [47,[53][54][55][56] stimuli.…”

Section: Movement Pathways In Aquatic Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifractal random walk in copepod behavior

Schmitt

Seuront

2001

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

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Abstract.A 3D copepod trajectory is recorded in the laboratory, using 2 digital cameras. The copepod undergoes a very structured type of trajectory, with successive moves displaying intermittent amplitudes. We perform a statistical analysis of this 3D trajectory using statistical tools developed in the field of turbulence and anomalous diffusion. We show that the walk belongs to "multifractal random walks", characterized by a nonlinear moment scaling function for the distance versus time. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental study of multifractal anomalous diffusion. We then propose a new type of stochastic process reproducing these multifractal scaling properties. This can be directly used for stochastic numerical simulations, and is thus of important potential applications in the field of animal movement study, and more generally of anomalous diffusion studies.

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“…That gives an estimate of the volume of water into which the female excretes a certain amount of odorant. As Strickler & Hwang (1998) summarized, the hydrodynamic disturbances mix the chemicals, but as the disturbances are short-lived, the turbulence cannot di¡use chemicals further than the animal's linear dimensions. Perhaps the feeding current serves in a limited fashion to disperse the pheromone, as noted for the ventilation currents of Asian moths (Wunderer et al 1986).…”

Section: (E) Trail Structure and Odour Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, when a female trail is intersected by a male, the male should only search that volume within which the trail could be convoluted. To quantify that volume, we can look down the trail of the tracking male, relying on the precision of the optical innovations designed by Strickler (this volume;Strickler et al 1995;Strickler & Hwang 1998). If we examine the three-dimensional volume the male searches (¢gure 8), we see that the average length-scale of the reach of exploratory casting trajectories, across the volume searched for the lost hop-trail, is in the centimetre-range, possibly inscribed within small-scale eddies.…”

Section: (B) Spatiotemporal Coordination Of Mating Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fluid physics of signal perception by mate-tracking copepods

Yen

Weissburg

Doall

1998

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

111

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Within laboratory-induced swarms of the marine copepod Temora longicornis, the male exhibits chemically mediated trail-following behaviour, concluding with £uid mechanical provocation of the mate-capture response.The location and structure of the invisible trail were determined by examining the speci¢c behaviour of the female copepods creating the signal, the response of the male to her signal, and the £uid physics of signal persistence. Using the distance of the mate-tracking male from the ageing trail of the female, we estimated that the molecular di¡usion coe¤cient of the putative pheromonal stimulant was 2.7 Â10 À5 cm 2 s À1 , or 1000 times slower than the di¡usion of momentum. Estimates of signal strength levels, using calculations of di¡usive properties of odour trails and attenuation rates of £uid mechanical signals, were compared to the physiological and behavioural threshold detection levels. Males ¢nd trails because of strong across-plume chemical gradients; males sometimes go the wrong way because of weak along-plume gradients; males lose the trail when the female hops because of signal dilution; and mate-capture behaviour is elicited by suprathreshold £ow signals. The male is stimulated by the female odour to accelerate along the trail to catch up with her, and the boundary layer separating the signal from the chemosensitive receptors along the copepod antennule thins. Di¡usion times, and hence reaction times, shorten and behavioural orientation responses can proceed more quickly. While`perceptive' distance to the odour signal in the trail or the £uid mechanical signal from the female remains within 1^2 body lengths (55 mm), the`reactive' distance between males and females was an order of magnitude larger. Therefore, when nearest-neighbour distances are 5 cm or less, as in swarms of 10 4 copepods m À3 , mating events are facilitated. The strong similarity in the structure of mating trails and vortex tubes (isotropic, millimetre^centimetre scale, 10:1 aspect ratio, 10 s persistence), indicates that these trails are constrained by the same physical forces that in£uence water motion in a low Reynolds number £uid regime, where viscosity limits forces to the molecular scale. The exploratory reaches of mating trails appear inscribed within Kolmogorov eddies and may represent a measure of eddy size. Biologically formed mating trails, however, are distinct in their £ow velocity and chemical composition from common small-scale turbulent features; and mechanoreceptive and chemoreceptive copepods use their senses to discriminate these di¡erences. Zooplankton are not aimless wanderers in a featureless environment. Their ambit is replete with clues that guide them in their e¡orts for survival in the ocean.

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Matched Spatial Filters in Long Working Distance Microscopy of Phase Objects

Cited by 38 publications

References 23 publications

The effect of mating behavior and temperature variation on the critical population density of a freshwater copepod

The effect of mating behavior and temperature variation on the critical population density of a freshwater copepod

Multifractal random walk in copepod behavior

The fluid physics of signal perception by mate-tracking copepods

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