Matching intermittency and electricity storage characteristics through time scale analysis: an energy return on investment comparison

Abstract

The darker the more relevant a storage device will be to handle the variability of renewable energy sources, from an energy return on investment standpoint.

Sector coupling via hydrogen to lower the cost of energy system decarbonization

“…), and in turn reducing total system cost. Moreover, as opposed to other power-sector focused studies that emphasize H 2 's value as a grid-scale storage resource [9][10][11] , our multi-sector view highlights the greater system value of P2G as a flexible demand resource that avoids the additional efficiency losses and capital cost incurred with P2G2P pathways. This conclusion is found to be robust to future expectations on the capital costs of electrolyzer and G2P systems.…”

“…Some of the studies in this area focus on: 1) comparing the cost-effectiveness of P2G2P with other types of long-duration energy storage options like pumped hydro and compressed air energy storage for variable renewable energy (VRE) integration, from a marginal deployment perspective (i.e. electricity price taker) [9][10][11] , 2) assessing least-cost investment and operation of H 2 storage and shortduration energy storage like lithium-ion batteries in the context of a VRE dominant power systems [11][12][13][14] , and 3) the operational scheduling of H 2 storage in power markets 15,16 . Although these studies provide useful insights to compare different energy storage technologies from the perspective of the power sector, they overlook the multiple potential uses of H 2 (or H 2 derived carriers) outside the power sector and the associated cost-savings resulting from sharing infrastructure costs across these uses.…”

Quantifying power system flexibility provision

“…Note that frequency based approaches have been used for a variety of other reasons in power system planning, e.g. to integrate a flexibility constraint in a unit commitment problem [56], for storage sizing [33,34,35,57,58], for short-term VRE forecasting [59,60,61] or simply as a visualisation tool to complement the time domain vision [62,63].…”

Second life and recycling: Energy and environmental sustainability perspectives for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

“…We follow the existing approach to set the functional unit as the delivery of 1-kWh electricity over the life cycle of LIBs (20,24,25). Notably, the unit CED based on this functional unit is essentially the inverse of the energy return on investment, an important metric to measure the net energy profitability (36)(37)(38). Three popular EOL scenarios are assessed and compared, including hydrometallurgical, pyrometallurgical, and direct cathode recycling.…”