Matching PV array output with residential load by optimisation of array orientation

Optimal System Design for a Solar Powered EV Charging Station

“…A simple but expensive way to do this is to use a dual-axis solar tracker, to get the [17]. A cheaper approach is to install the PV system with a fixed orientation such that the orientation of the PV panels (tilt and azimuth of the modules) is so as to maximize the energy yield or match with the load or to increase the PV revenues [18]- [20]. While the first two methods are excellent from an energy point of view, it is not necessarily optimal from an economic perspective.…”

“…With the sun's position, the irradiance on a panel, with a specific orientation (Am, θm) can be estimated using the geometric models in [18], [22] and the isotropic sky diffused model [22], [23]: the panel can be influenced by changing the module azimuth (Am) and tilt angle (θm). Typically, the module tilt angle (θm) can be used to control the seasonal variation in the solar generation as the sun has a high altitude in summer and much lower altitude in summer.…”

Economic and CO2 Emission Benefits of a Solar Powered Electric Vehicle Charging Station for Workplaces in the Netherlands

“…The annual energy yield for 2011-2013 period is indicated in TABLE 3 and the average is 10,890kWh/year. It must be remembered that the calculations above have not considered shading due to nearby buildings/trees and installation in non-optimal orientations [26], [27]. The yield would then be appropriately lower based on the location characteristics.…”