Material Balance for Multi-Layered, Commingled, Tight Gas Reservoirs

Kuppe, F.; Chugh, S.; Connell, Paul

doi:10.2118/59760-ms

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…5B) shows obvious characteristics of double steps (Kuppe et al, 2000, Lefkovits et al, 1961. The pressure restores to 7.66 MPa after shut-in for 100hrs, and restore to 7.94 MPa after 1000hrs (42d), and 8.16 MPa after 10000hrs (420d), and 9.01 MPa after 172000hrs, which accounts for 20 years.…”

Section: Shut-in Pressures For Two-layer Comingled Gas Wellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Key Factors Affecting the Deliverability and OGIP of Multi-layer Gas Reservoirs

Wan

2015

Day 1 Mon, November 09, 2015

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For multi-layer gas reservoirs, the dynamic performance, especially the deliverability and OGIP (Original Gas In Place) of comingled gas wells, is seriously affected by the interlayer heterogeneity. The gas well production rate, if we set it as (1/3 to 1/5) of the absolute open flow potential (AOFP) by empirical method, will decline soon. There exists obvious difference between the OGIP, calculated by using the early period of production data, and the volumetric reserves. By integrating the experimental tests, gas reservoir engineering investigation and typical well dynamic performance analysis. Firstly, the experimental test of two parallel sets of full diameter core samples was carried out to simulate two-layer comingled producing, and the results show that the higher permeability layer produced more gas and its pressure decreased more quickly. Secondly, well test design model is used to simulate the dynamic performance of single layer and two-layer comingled wells, and the AOFP and OGIP calculated by the simulated results has been investigated. Finally, the dynamic performance of typical multi-layer comingled gas wells in Sebei gas field has been analyzed. The results of above all show us, the AOFP of comingled gas wells is mainly dominated by the higher permeability layer, the interlayer permeability differential and the layered reserves are the key factors to affect the AOFP and OGIP of comingled gas reservoirs.

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Section: Shut-in Pressures For Two-layer Comingled Gas Wellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Key Factors Affecting the Deliverability and OGIP of Multi-layer Gas Reservoirs

Wan

2015

Day 1 Mon, November 09, 2015

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“…In terms of small-layer production splitting models: at present, the smalllayer production splitting models mainly include the KH splitting model, KHK splitting model, KNK splitting model, and dynamic splitting model, etc. (Kuppe et al, 2000;Hu et al, 2018;Mi et al, 2019). However, the existing splitting models mainly focus on the study of the basic physical properties of the reservoir, do not consider the impact of dynamic factors on the production law of the small layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental research on production law of multilayer heterogeneous reservoirs

Deng¹,

Huang

Ye³

et al. 2022

Front. Earth Sci.

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In the development of multi-layer co-production heterogeneous reservoirs, problems such as serious inter-layer heterogeneity and interference always exist, resulting in an unclear understanding of inter-layer production. A clear understanding of the interference mechanism and influence of main controlling factors of multi-layer heterogeneous reservoirs on the production of small layers is the key to the effective development of the reservoirs. On the basis of clarifying the main controlling factors affecting the production of multi-layer heterogeneous reservoirs, this paper developed a multi-pipe parallel displacement experiment system to carry out indoor heterogeneous reservoir multi-layer water injection flooding experiments. Combined with dynamic and static parameters, the experiments simulated and evaluated the effects of factors such as permeability ratio, water cut, shutting down high permeability layers, production pressure difference, and change in crude oil viscosity in high permeability layers. The primary objective of this work is to reveal the mechanism of small-layer interference under different conditions, and clarify the influence of main control factors on the production of small-layer. The results show that the smaller the permeability ratio is, the weaker the difference in physical properties among layers along the vertical direction is. The reduction in the difference in seepage resistance decreases the dynamic interference among layers. The reduction in the water ratio among layers and shutting down high permeability layers can reduce the interlayer interference effectively. Increasing production pressure difference effectively improves the oil displacement efficiency of reservoirs with poor physical properties. A lower fluidity in the high permeability layers can effectively improve the oil displacement efficiency of other layers.

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“…This model is used to estimate individual layer properties, for the assumption of constant bottomhole flowing pressure. Another attempt to estimate layer properties and gas in place for layered no-crossflow reservoirs was Kuppe et al (2000). This work allows changes in bottomhole flowing pressure, but does not handle extended shut-ins resulting in backflow through the wellbore.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Backpressure Equation for Layered Gas Reservoirs

Juell¹,

Whitson²

2011

SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition

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This paper presents a backpressure equation (BPE) for wells producing from layered gas reservoirs with or without communication. The proposed BPE handles backflow between the layers through the wellbore for non-communicating layered systems, and accurately describes performance of wells experiencing differential depletion.The proposed multi-layer BPE has the same form as the familiar backpressure equation for single-layer gas reservoirs, where the correct averages are defined for reservoir pressure and backpressure constants.The BPE is validated against numerical simulation models, as well as field data which include decades of historical production performance and annual shut-in pressures. All numerical models and field data used to validate the BPE are publicly available. This paper gives guidelines on welltest design to quantify reservoir parameters in layered systems, based on systematic studies with numerical simulation models. BackgroundLayered reservoirs without communication, also referred to as layered no-crossflow reservoirs, consist of separate layers without communication within the reservoir; layers only communicate through the wellbore.One of the first attempts to study the transient performance of layered reservoirs was Lefkovits et al. (1961). They show individual layer gas rates as a function of each layer kh product, but do not consider production performance solutions for boundary-dominated (pseudosteady state, PSS) conditions. Fetkovich et al. (1990) studied and identified all key performance characteristics of layered no-crossflow systems producing under boundary-dominated conditions. One of their many important observations is Curve 6 in their Fig. 12, showing that the backpressure relation for a differentially depleting system is, in fact, a straight line with exponent n~1. We show, in this paper, that this is an expected and general observation for any layered system, and that the layered no-crossflow backpressure equation is the same as for a single-layer system with equal total kh, but using the layer PI-averaged shut-in pressure.El-Banbi and Wattenbarger (1996) developed a model to match production data from a layered no-crossflow system during boundary-dominated conditions, using individual-layer coupling of material balance and PSS rate equations. This model is used to estimate individual layer properties, for the assumption of constant bottomhole flowing pressure. Another attempt to estimate layer properties and gas in place for layered no-crossflow reservoirs was Kuppe et al. (2000). This work allows changes in bottomhole flowing pressure, but does not handle extended shut-ins resulting in backflow through the wellbore. This paper will primarily consider layered no-crossflow reservoirs, but some results are shown to be applicable to reservoirs with partially-or fully-communicating layers. The backpressure equation presented is valid for all layered reservoirs, but the coupled material balance approach is only valid for non-communicating layer systems.

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Material Balance for Multi-Layered, Commingled, Tight Gas Reservoirs

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

The Key Factors Affecting the Deliverability and OGIP of Multi-layer Gas Reservoirs

The Key Factors Affecting the Deliverability and OGIP of Multi-layer Gas Reservoirs

Experimental research on production law of multilayer heterogeneous reservoirs

Backpressure Equation for Layered Gas Reservoirs

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