Material Balance Modeling and Performance Prediction of a Multi-Tank Reservoir

Structural heterogeneity is one of the critical factors that can affect a reservoir's performance, properties and thus, its ultimate recovery. With the decline in oil price and continuous drive for cost optimisation, understanding the impact of such features on reservoir behaviour in terms of pressure communication, fluid movement, production and well placement becomes paramount. In this research paper, the main study subject is a compartmentalised reservoir in a mature Niger Delta field undergoing water injection. Two blocks in the reservoir separated by a fault mapped from the seismic which was believed to be non-sealing as initial pressure data acquired from both blocks through aRepeat Formation Test(RFT) were similar; suggesting that these blocks were in hydraulic communication. Production started from the western block in 2001, and after few years of production, a significant drop in reservoir pressure was observed. To arrest this pressure decline, water injection into the reservoir commenced in 2011. After four years of injection, a substantial increase in reservoir pressure was observed as confirmed from static bottom hole pressure surveys from existing wells in the block. With the successful implementation of pressure maintenance and oil being swept updip structure as suggested by the history matched reservoir model, infill well opportunities were identified in the western and eastern parts of the A block. In order to properly land these wells, reduce production uncertainty and ensure its successful production, a pilot hole was drilled into these blocks to ascertain current fluid contacts and reservoir pressure. Information from the RFT was however surprising as reservoir pressure in the eastern block was found to be significantly depleted contrary to expectations; as similar pressure with the western block was expected since there was no producer in this block. This paper describes how an integrated approach resulted in significant cost saving and how an analytical tool like the multi tank material balance methods was used to effectively characterise a complex reservoir under water injection and revise the field redevelopment plan.

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An Integrated Geological-Reservoir Engineering Technique for Increasing Confidence in Field Development Planning for a Reservoir Under Primary Depletion

Biswas¹,

Jumah²,

Lalji³

et al. 2017

Day 4 Thu, November 16, 2017

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One of the principle inputs to project economics and all business decisions is a realistic production forecast. This becomes particularly challenging in supergiant oil fields with medium to low lateral connectivity. In this case, three distinct production forecasts were generated: Short Term (ST) – 3 monthsMedium Term (MT) – 2 yearsLong Term (LT) – 5+ years The main objectives of the Medium Term Production Forecast (MTPF) are: Provide an overview of the total expected production profile, expected wells potential/ spare capacityHighlight the requirements to maintain production targetsProvide an anchor point for the ST and LT production forecast generation The main tool used for MTPF was Integrated Production System model or IPSM (GAP © PETEX) since it can predict reservoir behavior, honor physical constraints and capture bottlenecks and back-pressure effects within the production system. The different components of the IPSM are the reservoir component, well component and surface network. This paper covers the methodology for building the reservoir component of the IPSM to evaluate and accurately predict reservoir performance in the MT period. The IPSM model is not only used for the MTPF generation, but also for real time Production System Optimization (PSO), key decisions regarding well hookups, etc. by the Well, Reservoir and Facility Management (WRFM) team. There was a business need to build a pragmatic IPSM model with an optimal run time. Thus, tank models were built to replicate the 3D reservoir models which had been built in MoRes™ (dynamic reservoir simulator developed by Shell). The MoRes™ model was divided into multiple sectors (tanks) based on pressure sinks predicted by the model and supported by geological studies. From the MoRes™ model, a Grid cell Pressure histogram (Pressure versus frequency plot) was used to divide the reservoir into certain sectors. A close-to-normal distribution per sector was obtained to divide the reservoir into an optimal number of representative sectors. This was done because a single pressure value per sector is used by the well models connected to the sector to calculate the inflow performance in IPSM. Acquired Static Bottom Hole Pressures (SBHPs) in wells were used as anchor points for the calculated average pressure of the sectors and to test the validity of the divided sectors. This methodology has been tested successfully in the stated super giant oil field, which has both sandstone and carbonate reservoirs. An example this is covered in the paper. It was concluded that utilizing multiple sectors (tanks) results in reservoir pressure decline predicted being closer to what is actually seen by the wells. The IPSM model built represents reality sufficiently well in the MT period, thus increasing confidence in the generated production forecast. Another technical advantage of the described method is the higher sustainability of the model. The suggested histogram method, in combination with geological information available, can be applied to majority of the reservoirs. This combination is paramount to ensure the divided sectors concur with reality.

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Material Balance Modeling and Performance Prediction of a Multi-Tank Reservoir

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Material balance method and classification of non-uniform water invasion mode for water-bearing gas reservoirs considering the effect of water sealed gas

Material balance method and classification of non-uniform water invasion mode for water-bearing gas reservoirs considering the effect of water sealed gas

Capturing Complex Reservoir Heterogeneity in a Field Under Water Injection – A Case Study of a Niger Delta Field

An Integrated Geological-Reservoir Engineering Technique for Increasing Confidence in Field Development Planning for a Reservoir Under Primary Depletion

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