Material-driven fibronectin and vitronectin assembly enhances BMP-2 presentation and osteogenesis

Surface-Modified Piezoelectric Copolymer Poly(vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene) Supporting Physiological Extracellular Matrixes to Enhance Mesenchymal Stem Cell Adhesion for Nanoscale Mechanical Stimulation

“…Poled and unpoled PVDF-TrFE films were next coated with PEA. PEA coating on glass and tissue culture plastic has been shown to drive spontaneous fibrillogenesis of adsorbed FN, which can then be used to efficiently present GFs in the solid phase to cells. − Previously, several methods for PEA coating have been investigated, such as plasma polymerization, , spin coating, , and surface-initiated atomic transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) . We predicted that spin coating PEA onto PVDF-TrFE films would be nonfacile, and spin coating typically yields PEA coatings of ≈1 μm thickness, which may render the poling state of the films redundant. , SI-ATRP of PEA requires an abundance of chemical processing; as such, it was speculated that this may impact the charge induced in the PVDF-TrFE films during poling .…”

“…Because plasma polymerization does not require chemical processing and is able to produce PEA coatings in the less than tens of nanometer range, we chose to investigate this method. Therefore, to create a nanoscale layer of PEA on PVDF-TrFE films, we plasma-polymerized PEA (pPEA) using our previously described system. ,, To validate the incorporation of PEA onto poled and unpoled PVDF-TrFE films, we carried out XPS analysis. The spectra of pristine unpoled (−pole) PVDF-TrFE samples were identical with those presented in the literature, , representing chemical binding on the top 10 nm associated with the theoretical chemical composition (Figure ).…”

“…The plasma equipment was set up according to our previous work. ,, A custom-built plasma reactor was used to polymerize ethyl acrylate (EA) via plasma polymerization. The EA plasma was generated by two capacitively coupled copper band electrodes, which were connected to a radio-frequency (RF) power supply.…”

“…However, PEA drives FN network formation, a process that is usually cell-driven . This leads to the unfolding of FN molecules and exposes key binding domains, such as the integrin binding RGD and PSHRN synergy sites, and a GF binding domain capable of sequestering and presenting GFs to cells. − We therefore coated PVDF-TrFE membranes with PEA to drive FN network formation with the aim of enhancing cell–material interactions and driving MSC adhesion. Then by adsorbing bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) to FN to present the GF in the solid phase, we investigate the systems’ future potential to support MSC osteogenesis.…”

Recent trends in bone tissue engineering: a review of materials, methods, and structures

“…It has been demonstrated that hydrophilic surfaces promote the adhesion of cells by attracting water molecules, which generate a hydrated layer at the surface of the material [196]. This layer of water molecules can facilitate the adsorption of adhesive proteins (such as fibronectin and vitronectin), present in the culture medium surrounding the material, which act as anchorage points for integrin receptors on the cell surface, allowing the cells to attach to the material [197]. Additionally, it has been suggested that the hydrated layer on the hydrophilic surface minimizes non-specific interactions between the cells and the substrate, thus resulting in more effective spreading of the cells, and cells adopting a more physiological morphology; in other words, cells spreading on hydrophilic surfaces generally have a more normal appearance than cells spreading on hydrophobic surfaces [198].…”