Material-Efficient Utilization of Waste Oils—Biodegradability and Other Chemical Properties of Vegetable Recycling Oils

Prokkola, Hanna; Kuokkanen, Toivo; Lassi, Ulla

doi:10.4236/gsc.2012.24019

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Constant stirring was performed during incubation. The manometric respirometry method (BOD OxiTop C110, WTW: Weilheim, Germany) is based on pressure change in the air space of a bottle [15,16]. The undiluted and blank values of WWP1 were determined in the 0-40 mg/L measuring area (432 mL filling) and the others in the 0-200 mg/L measuring area (250 mL filling).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of Biodegradation Measurements for Inhibitive Industrial Wastewaters

et al. 2022

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Industrial wastewaters may contain toxic or highly inhibitive compounds, which makes the measurement of biological oxygen demand (BOD) challenging. Due to the high concentration of organic compounds within them, industrial wastewater samples must be diluted to perform BOD measurements. This study focused on determining the reliability of wastewater BOD measurement using two different types of industrial wastewater, namely pharmaceutical wastewater containing a total organic carbon (TOC) value of 34,000 mg(C)/L and industrial paper manufacturing wastewater containing a corresponding TOC value of 30 mg(C)/L. Both manometric respirometry and the closed-bottle method were used in the study, and the results were compared. It was found that the dilution wastewaters containing inhibitive compounds affected BOD values, which increased due to the decreased inhibiting effect of wastewater pollutants. Therefore, the correct BOD for effluents should be measured from undiluted samples, while the diluted value is appropriate for determining the maximum value for biodegradable organic material in the effluent. The accuracy of the results from the blank samples was also examined, and it was found that the readings of these were different to those from the samples. Therefore, the blank value that must be subtracted may differ depending on the sample.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of Biodegradation Measurements for Inhibitive Industrial Wastewaters

et al. 2022

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“…These oils are classified as biomass; it is a renewable energy source due to its sustainability, easy availability, and environmental effects. 3,4 The biodegradability is the largest renewable energy source due to its low cost and environmental aspects. This is the reason why the use of vegetable oils, which are biodegradable, for polymeric materials obtained from renewable sources is an important research topic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of waste vegetable oil methyl esters as lubricant oil

Öncü

Durak

2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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Increasing environmental awareness and threats to the environment have made the recycling of biomass products necessary. The goal of this paper is to study the tribological properties of fatty acid methyl esters derived from waste frying oils under different lubrication conditions. For this purpose, the performance of candidate fatty acid methyl esters was compared with a mineral base oil. For the determination of tribological properties, a pin-on-disc wear tester was used. The experiments were carried out in three replications at different loads (5, 10, and 15 N) and different sliding speeds (100, 300, and 600 r/min) and a 1000 m sliding distance under dry, boundary-mixed, and fluid lubrication conditions. After the wear amount of the test specimens was determined by the mass loss method, their Archard wear indexes were calculated. Scanning electron microscopy surface images were used for visual analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy images for chemical analysis. The surface contact angles and surface tensions of the lubricant test specimens were also measured experimentally. In all experimental results, it has been found that the tribological properties of used frying oil fatty acid methyl esters such as friction, wear, and surface adhesion are generally better than the base oil under all lubrication conditions. Fatty acid methyl esters is a biodegradable, recycling, and environmentally friendly product and can be confirmed as a lubricant and/or an oil additive candidate.

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“…When utilization is not possible, the purpose becomes safe landfill disposal of waste, or disposal by other ecologically beneficial methods. In addition, material efficiency [7,8] is an essential topic in promoting sustainable use of natural resources, waste materials, and industrial byproducts in agreement with the principle of sustainable development and LCA (life cycle assessment). The different options available for dealing with waste can be described clearly by a "waste hierarchy" as shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of a four-stage sequential leaching procedure and the corresponding one-phase extractions for risk assessment of potential harmful substances in waste rock utilized in railway ballast

Kaakinen

Kuokkanen

Leskinen

et al. 2015

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

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The purpose of environmental legislation in the EU is prevention, minimization, and utilization of waste, respectively. When utilization is not possible, the purpose becomes the safe landfill disposal of waste, or disposal by other ecologically beneficial methods. In addition, material efficiency is an essential topic nowadays to promote the sustainable use of natural resources, waste materials, and industrial by-products, in agreement with the principle of sustainable development and LCA. To promote these goals, a four-stage sequential leaching procedure and determination of total concentrations was used in this research to determine the distribution of Cu, Pb, Zn, and V samples taken from waste rock material, originating from a Finnish zinc mine, and used as railway ballast in Northern Finland. The leaching procedure consists of the following five sequential fractions: (i) an acidic water-soluble fraction (H 2 O, pH = 4), (ii) an exchangeable fraction (CH 3 COOH), (iii) an easily reduced fraction (NH 2 OH-HCl), and (iv) oxidizable fraction (H 2 O 2 + CH 3 COONH 4 ). The results show that conditions and the size of ballast have a significant effect on the solubility of all heavy metals, and therefore on their mobility, bioavailability, and environmental risk. In addition, the total concentration of every element is much larger than its solubility in each four fractions (i)-(iv) or the sum of these concentrations -this sum can be called by the potential bioavailability -because the highest concentration is in the residual fraction. The leachability results determined here for waste rocks utilized as railway ballast show in good agreement with all earlier investigations determined for other waste or industrial by-products. Sequential leaching studies provide valuable information about the effect of conditions on the leachability/solubility, mobility, and bioavailability for risk assessment of harmful heavy metals. This information is necessary if we want to know the real environmental risk of metals in different conditions, possible in natural conditions now and in the future, i.e. not only in terms of the conditions pertaining to permission applications.

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Material-Efficient Utilization of Waste Oils—Biodegradability and Other Chemical Properties of Vegetable Recycling Oils

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Reliability of Biodegradation Measurements for Inhibitive Industrial Wastewaters

Reliability of Biodegradation Measurements for Inhibitive Industrial Wastewaters

Utilization of waste vegetable oil methyl esters as lubricant oil

The use of a four-stage sequential leaching procedure and the corresponding one-phase extractions for risk assessment of potential harmful substances in waste rock utilized in railway ballast

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