Material Evaluation to Prevent Nozzle Clogging during Continuous Casting of Al Killed Steels.

Vermeulen, Yves; Coletti, Bert; Blanpain, Bart; Wollants, Patrick; Zhang, Fei

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.42.1234

Cited by 71 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It has been reported that the inclusion deposition increases by a reduction of the nozzle diameter, a highest nozzle roughness wall, and a decrement of the fluid velocity. [8][9][10][11][12] Several of the deposited inclusions are located at typical zones of the nozzle promoting the deleterious clogging phenomenon. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Other authors have studied the fluidynamics inside the nozzle trying to figure out the inclusion deposition at the typical adhesion zones, finding that these are related to low pressure and high turbulence zones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical Analysis of the Dynamic Effects on the Deposition of Alumina Inclusions inside the Upper Tundish Nozzle

2016

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Nozzle clogging is still a standing problem in the continuous casting of steel since the deposition of alumina inclusions inside the Upper Tundish Nozzle (UTN) affects the productivity and the product quality. The present fundamental work studies the effects of inertial, gravitational, buoyant, pressure gradient, and Saffman forces on the deposited inclusion trajectories at the typical adhesion zone inside the UTN, using analytical and numerical techniques. For this, a mathematical model was developed considering the Navier-Stokes equations, the standard k-ε model, and the Lagrangian discrete phase model for a coupled system including the tundish, the UTN, the slide gate, the SEN, and the mould. The results show that the highest inclusion deposition rate is just below a low static pressure zone. At the low static pressure zone the pressure gradient force becomes important, attracting the inclusions to the nozzle wall, and once the inclusions leave this zone, this force does not promote a significant inclusion radial movement. In addition, at the highest deposition zone, the effects of the gravitational and buoyant forces do not promote a significant inclusion radial movement since these are aligned with the direction of the flow stream lines. In contrast, the Saffman force shows an important effect on the deposited inclusions, slowing down the inclusions in the vertical axis and increasing their radial movement.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical Analysis of the Dynamic Effects on the Deposition of Alumina Inclusions inside the Upper Tundish Nozzle

2016

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“…Many researchers [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] investigated the clogging behavior and obtained valuable information. Clogging was classified into four types by Thomas et al 1,2) according to its origins: deoxidation products, solidified steel, complex oxides and reaction products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of them concluded that these alumina inclusions formed by deoxidation were the main reason for clogging, [3][4][5][6][7] while some found that the reaction between the steel and the nozzle refractory could also cause clogging. [8][9][10][11] Besides, reoxidation were also considered as a source of clogging. [12][13][14] However, most researchers believed that the attachment of the solid alumina inclusions already presented in the steel before casting was the primary source of SEN clogging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attachment of Liquid Calcium Aluminate Inclusions on Inner Wall of Submerged Entry Nozzle during Continuous Casting of Calcium-Treated Steel

Deng

Zhu

Zhong³

et al. 2014

ISIJ Int.

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In the present study, inclusions in calcium-treated steel after RH treatment, in the tundish and in bloom were studied. Only two types of inclusions were detected in all steel samples, namely liquid calcium aluminate inclusions and inclusions of two phases with spinel in the center surrounded by the liquid calcium aluminate. The attachment of the inclusions on the inner surface of SEN was investigated for two types of refractory materials. The results indicated that liquid calcium aluminate inclusions could attach on the wall of SEN, when the refractory had big grain size and big cavities on the surface. On the other hand, tiny grain size and smooth surface of the SEN showed no attachment of the inclusions. The different behaviors of the two types of SEN were well explained using the results of flow calculation in the nozzle. The mechanism of the attachment was also discussed based on the experimental results and the CFD calculation. The tiny nodules formed on the surface of the inner nozzle due to inclusion attachment could be a source of macro inclusions.

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“…Nevertheless, a high percentage of inclusions are not removed in the tundish reaching the nozzle where some of them are no uniformly deposit at typical zones of the nozzle [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. For aluminum killed steel, alumina inclusions are the most common cluster material, which is produced during the deoxidation, from the interaction of refractory material and molten steel [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], and finally from the re-oxidation of steel. This inclusion deposition induces a problem known as clogging phenomenon which has been studied for many researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluidynamic Effects on the Deposition of Alumina Particles at the Upper Tundish Nozzle

Guerrero¹,

Hernandez²,

Sandoval³

et al. 2017

Anais Do Seminário De Aciaria, Fundição E Metalurgia De Não-Ferrosos

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Inclusion deposition is still a standing problem in the continuous casting of steel since the deposition of alumina inclusions inside the SEN affects the productivity and the product quality. The present work studies the factors involved in the inclusion deposition at the nozzle and the effects of inertial, gravitational, buoyant, pressure gradient, and Saffman forces on the inclusion trajectories. The results show that the inclusions reaching the nozzle, only 30% get deposited along its walls mainly at the Upper Tundish Nozzle (UTN). This area of higher deposition is identified close to a low static pressure and a high turbulent kinetic energy dissipation zones where the effects of the gravitational and buoyant forces do not promote a significant inclusion radial movement since these are aligned with the direction of the flow stream lines. In contrast, in this zone, the Saffman force shows an important effect on the deposited inclusions, slowing down the inclusions in the vertical axis and increasing their radial movement.

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Material Evaluation to Prevent Nozzle Clogging during Continuous Casting of Al Killed Steels.

Cited by 71 publications

References 6 publications

Mathematical Analysis of the Dynamic Effects on the Deposition of Alumina Inclusions inside the Upper Tundish Nozzle

Mathematical Analysis of the Dynamic Effects on the Deposition of Alumina Inclusions inside the Upper Tundish Nozzle

Attachment of Liquid Calcium Aluminate Inclusions on Inner Wall of Submerged Entry Nozzle during Continuous Casting of Calcium-Treated Steel

Fluidynamic Effects on the Deposition of Alumina Particles at the Upper Tundish Nozzle

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