Material flow analysis of RDF-production processes

Rotter, Vera Susanne; Kost, Thomas A.; Winkler, J.; Bilitewski, Bernd

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2004.07.015

Cited by 140 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The heavy metal concentration in the waste fractions to be revalorized as refuse derived fuel (RDF) is also to be taken into consideration (Rotter, Kost, Winkler, & Bilitewski, 2004). It is possible that high concentrations of hazardous substances and heavy metals are found in local pockets (Kurian et al, 2003), since elements such as As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Hg and Zn can be found in household products (Slack, Gronow, & Voulvoulis, 2005) and, therefore, in landfill leachate (Reinhart, 1993) depending on the solubility of the respective phases.…”

Section: Metals Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Fine Fractions From Landfill Mining: A Review of Previous Investigations

2018

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Several landfill mining (LFM) studies have been carried out in recent years all around the world. From these studies qualitative and quantitative information regarding the composition and characteristics of the different fractions excavated from landfills has been obtained. This information comprises data from various landfill sites around the globe from which useful correlations for future LFM projects can be identified. Of particular interest to this paper is the information regarding the fine fractions, which represent to this day a crucial obstacle in the implementation of LFM and enhanced landfill mining (ELFM). The fine fractions make up a considerable portion of the total amount of waste disposed of in landfills. Depending on the particle size chosen as upper limit to define the fines fraction, the portion of this fraction can be as high as 40-80 wt.% of the total excavated waste. These fractions consist of decomposed organic substances, e.g. humic substances, partly weathered mineral waste, e.g. sand, brick fragments, concrete, but also of fine metal particles, especially non-ferrous metals, and still a significant amount of plastics, paper and other calorific fractions. However, although calorific fractions might be used for energy recovery and inorganic fractions for material (especially metal) recovery, current LFM studies are discarding the fine fraction due to lacking or too expensive processing routes. Therefore, it is of critical interest to LFM and ELFM projects to reduce the particle size down to which the excavated material can be processed. This paper, which was elaborated within the framework of the EU Training Network for Resource Recovery through Enhanced Landfill Mining -NEW-MINE, aims to review the obtained data from different LFM studies from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills, concerning the fines fraction, in order to identify key aspects to be taken into consideration while designing the processing approach in future LFM and ELFM investigations.

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Section: Metals Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Fine Fractions From Landfill Mining: A Review of Previous Investigations

2018

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“…For the calculation of chlorine and mercury content in the RMSW in both case studies, literature data were used [27]. The chlorine and mercury contents are: 0.0040 and 0.0038 for Cl in % (DM) and 0.0078 and 0.0040 for Hg in mg/ MJ, respectively.…”

Section: Rdf and Srf Characterization And Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RDF/SRF Evolution in the MSW sector: coexistence of BMT and selective collection

Rada¹,

Ragazzi²

2015

Int. J. SDP

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Mechanical biological treatments (MBTs) are extensively used for managing municipal solid waste (MSW). There are four different methods: fertilizer or compost-like output production, biogas/energy production, wastederived fuel production and disposal in landfills. One issue is the varying characteristics of the waste fed over the lifetime of the plant. This problem is only partially related to the composition dynamics of the generated MSW. Indeed, the main source of input fluctuation of the plant is a result of the implementation of selective collection (SC) strategies, which modify the composition of residual MSW (RMSW). Often the SC strategies are not developed in harmony with the presence or planning of treatment plants, which can consequently suffer from significant variations. A lack of optimization in MSW management strategies and the implementation of new more stringent regulations applied to the final solid products from MBTs could result in a higher tariff for the users. This paper analyses these two problems in terms of two SC scenarios. The consequent effects on the composition of RMSW and on the performance of bio-drying (one of the MBTs options) are discussed. The effect of different SC strategies of MSW is analysed also in terms of RMSW suitability to be converted into refuse derived fuel/solid recovered fuel with simplified treatments. The role of respirometry is also discussed.

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“…Major inputs to the model include cost and energy consumption estimates for each piece of MRF equipment and the separation efficiencies for every modeled waste component associated with each piece of separation equipment, which are similar to the transfer coefficients used in Rotter et al (2004) and Velis et al (2010). MRF performance is directly related to the composition of the incoming waste stream, so a MRF process model should be capable of assessing performance associated with processing each waste component and accounting for changes to the incoming waste stream composition (e.g., waste with a higher ferrous fraction requires a larger magnet).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%