Material Investigations and Optical Properties of Phthalocyanine Nanoparticles

Abstract

We report a method for the fabrication of phthalocyanine particles with dimensions in the nanoscale regime. Phthalocyanines are of particular interest as reversed saturable absorption-based optical limiters. By fabricating phthalocyanine particles of nanometer sizes, we found intermolecular effects to strongly influence the linear and nonlinear optical properties. Linear optical studies, including absorption and emission spectroscopy, were used to investigate the interactions between the molecules inside the particles. The Z-scan technique was employed to examine the optical limiting effects in phthalocyanine nanoparticles compared to solutions of the corresponding molecules. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies were performed to further investigate the particle structure. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction measurements were made to probe the molecular alignment in the nanoparticle.

Graphene oxide covalently functionalized with zinc phthalocyanine for broadband optical limiting

“…[25] For the ns pulses at 1064 nm, the NLS dominates the OL of the GO dispersions (Table 1), the GO-PcZn exhibit much larger NLO extinction coefficients than the GO and PcZn at both 532 and 1064 nm, indicating a remarkable accumulation effect as a result of the covalent link between GO and PcZn. nanoparticles, as reported in [27]. Although PcZn did not make any significant contribution to the OL at 1064 nm, [28,29] it is surprising that the GO-PcZn dispersions have much greater OL response than GO.…”

Solvent‐Stabilized Photoconductive Metal Phthalocyanine Nanoparticles: Preparation and Application in Single‐Layered Photoreceptors

“…[2,5] Another solution to the low solubility of these attractive semiconductors is to make colloidal solutions of Pc nanoparticles. Several effective methods have been developed to prepare Pc nanoparticles, such as reprecipitation, [6,7] laser ablation, [8,9] ball milling, [10] microwave method, [11] and complexation-mediated solubilization. [3,12] The solvent-stabilized small photoconductive nanoparticles of metal phthalocyanines (MPcs) that we reported recently [13,14] at least have the following advantages: 1) The high surface-to-volume ratio of these nanoparticles will enhance the efficiency of photoinduced charge separation, since it is believed that only excitons generated near the surface of the particles significantly contribute to charge separation, whereas light-induced excitons near the center of the large particles are most probably deactivated before reaching the surface.…”

Exploiting Distinct Molecular Architectures of Ultrathin Films Made with Iron Phthalocyanine for Sensing

“…3,5 In industry, phthalocyanines are widely used as dyes for textiles and for coating metallic surfaces. There is now a surge on their use for devices, for example, in photocopiers, solar cells, electrochromic displays, fuel cells, light-emitting diodes, transistors, optical limiters, in photodynamic therapy, [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] and sensors. 15,[19][20][21] In several of the possible applications, one important requirement is to produce materials in the form of thin films, which has been carried out for phthalocyanines with various methods, including Langmuir-Blodgett (LB), [22][23][24][25][26] electrostatic layer-bylayer (LbL), [27][28][29][30] physical vapor deposition (PVD), 31,32 and casting.…”