Material Models and Properties in the Finite Element Analysis of Knee Ligaments: A Literature Review

Galbusera, Fabio; Freutel, Maren; Dürselen, Lutz; D’Aiuto, Marta; Croce, D. Di; Villa, Tomaso; Sansone, Valerio; Innocenti, Bernardo

doi:10.3389/fbioe.2014.00054

Cited by 57 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…In order to improve the understanding of their functionality, mechanical tests on animals on human specimens' samples are commonly performed 2,3 . The results of such tests, for both physiological and pathological samples, are fundamental in order to provide clinical guidelines, to identify the mechanical impact of pathologies on human joints, to check new possible rehabilitation or surgical treatments and to deliver inputs for the development of reliable biomechanical models 4,5 . Even if several studies are already present in the literature, no agreement can be currently found for the characterization of a specific soft-tissue 3,5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results of such tests, for both physiological and pathological samples, are fundamental in order to provide clinical guidelines, to identify the mechanical impact of pathologies on human joints, to check new possible rehabilitation or surgical treatments and to deliver inputs for the development of reliable biomechanical models 4,5 . Even if several studies are already present in the literature, no agreement can be currently found for the characterization of a specific soft-tissue 3,5 . For example, it is recognized that ligaments are characterized by a non-linear viscoelastic behavior 5,6 which implies their mechanical properties increases along with the loading rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, it is recognized that ligaments are characterized by a non-linear viscoelastic behavior 5,6 which implies their mechanical properties increases along with the loading rate. However, they are often modeled as linear elastic elements, furthermore, the range of values that could be used to characterize their stiffness presents huge standard deviations 5,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] . Indeed, soft tissues have peculiar mechanical characteristics, which present technical challenges to be solved by the researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, mechanical tests are usually performed under different humidity and temperature conditions, with different applied forces and under different crosshead speeds of the machine 3,[15][16][17][18][19][20] . A literature review showed that there is a lack of proven guidelines and validated techniques to be Automatic characterization of soft tissues material properties during mechanical tests used for characterizing soft-tissues, such as ligaments and tendons 2,3,[5][6][7]21 . In detail, following the conventional methodology, the extremities of the dissected soft-tissue are fastened to the mechanical clamps of a tensile machine, then the distance between the clamp directly measured as output of the test.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Automatic characterization of soft tissues material properties during mechanical tests

Innocenti

Larrieu

Lambert

et al. 2019

Muscle Ligaments and Tendons J

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Introduction:The estimation of the non-linear viscoelastic characteristics of human soft tissues, such as ligaments and tendon, is often affected by the implemented procedure. This study aims at developing and validating a protocol, associated with a contactless and automatic procedure, enabling the determination of the material behavior and properties of any soft tissues. Methods: Several markers were drawn onto the soft tissue specimen analyzed under uniaxial tensile test. An automatic contactless procedure, that uses a camera for recording the position of the markers during the test, was developed to compute the displacement, and the force applied, enabling the calculation of the true-stress/strain curve of the material. Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio can be calculated, on demand, for selected regions of interest of the soft tissues. The repeatability and reproducibility of the procedure were analyzed. The procedure was initially tested and verified on an artificial silicone material and later applied for investigating the mechanical behavior of a pig Achilles tendon and of a human patellar tendon. Results: The procedure show a high repeatability, independent by the operator, reliability and accuracy for the tested synthetic material (with a maximum error of 3.7% for Young's modulus). Additionally, the developed protocol was also suitable for the analysis of animal and human soft tissues. Conclusion: A protocol to automatically and ac-curately determine material properties in soft tissues was developed, tested and validated. Such approach could successfully be implemented for the mechanical characterization of any biological soft-tissue. Level of evidence: V.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Automatic characterization of soft tissues material properties during mechanical tests

Innocenti

Larrieu

Lambert

et al. 2019

Muscle Ligaments and Tendons J

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“…In this state, the ligaments are strained and therefore already sustaining a load (Galbusera et al, 2014). Our findings show the generic values for reference strain differ significantly from numerically obtained reference strain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

A novel method for defining ligament characteristics in subject specific dynamic surgical planning

Theodore¹,

Little²,

Liu³

et al.

EPiC Series in Health Sciences

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Despite of the high success of TKA, 20% of recipients remain dissatisfied with their surgery. There is an increasing discordance in the literature on what is an optimal goal for component alignment. Furthermore, the unique patient specific anatomical characteristics will also play a role. The dynamic characteristics of a TKR is a product of the complex interaction between a patient's individual anatomical characteristics and the specific alignment of the components in that patient knee joint. These interactions can be better understood with computational models. Our objective was to characterise ligament characteristics by measuring knee joint laxity with functional radiograph and with the aid of a computational model and an optimisation study to estimate the subject specific free length of the ligaments.Pre-operative CT and functional radiographs, varus and valgus stressed X-rays assessing the collateral ligaments, were captured for 10 patients. CT scan was segmented and 3D-2D pose estimation was performed against the radiographs. Patient specific tibio-femoral joint computational model was created. The model was virtually positioned to the functional radiograph positions to simulate the boundary conditions when the knee is stressed. The model was simulated to achieve static equilibrium. Optimisation was done on ligament free length and a scaling coefficient, flexion factor, to consider the ligaments wrapping behaviour.Our findings show the generic values for reference strain differ significantly from reference strains calculated from the optimised ligament parameters, up to 35% as percentage strain. There was also a wide variation in the reference strain values between subjects and ligaments, with a range of 37% strain between subjects. Additionally, the knee laxity recorded clinically shows a large variation between patients and it appears to be divorced from coronal alignment measured in CT. This suggest the ligaments characteristics vary widely between subjects and non-functional imaging is insufficient to determine its characteristics. These large variations necessitates a subject-specific approach when creating knee computational models and functional radiographs may be a viable method to characterise patient specific ligaments.

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Effect of design and surgical parameters variations in mobile‐bearing versus fixed‐bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: A finite element analysis

Luyckx,

Bori,

Saldari

et al. 2024

J. exp. orthop.

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PurposeUnicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKAs) are available in the market as fixed‐ and mobile‐bearing (FB and MB) and can be characterised by a different set of design parameters in terms of geometries, materials and surgical approaches, with overall good clinical outcomes. However, clear biomechanical evidence concerning the consequences of variations of these features on knee biomechanics is still lacking; therefore, the present study aims to perform a sensitivity analysis to see which outcomes are affected by these variations.MethodsFor both MB‐UKA and FB‐UKA, five design and surgical parameters were defined (bearing insert thickness, tibial component material, implant components friction coefficient, antero‐posterior slope angle and level of tibial bone resection). Two control models were defined based on standard configurations for both implants. Finite element analysis was chosen to perform this study, and different parameter combinations (216 models in total) were implemented and tested at both 0° and 90° of flexion, using a previously validated finite element knee model. The results were then evaluated in terms of bone and polyethylene Von Mises stress and tibio‐femoral contact area.ResultsBearing thickness, tibial bone cut and slope angle were found to be the most sensitive parameters for both types of UKAs. Specifically, changes in these parameters in the FB‐UKA appeared to induce more significant variations in the polyethylene insert (both in terms of polyethylene stress and contact area), while in the MB‐UKA, these changes influenced bone stress distribution more.ConclusionsSurgical parameters returned to have a more significant influence than material and friction variations; furthermore, the outcomes most affected by parameter variations were the insert‐related ones for FB‐UKA while for the MB‐UKA were the ones regarding tibial bone stresses.Level of EvidenceNot Applicable.

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Material Models and Properties in the Finite Element Analysis of Knee Ligaments: A Literature Review

Cited by 57 publications

References 125 publications

Automatic characterization of soft tissues material properties during mechanical tests

Automatic characterization of soft tissues material properties during mechanical tests

A novel method for defining ligament characteristics in subject specific dynamic surgical planning

Effect of design and surgical parameters variations in mobile‐bearing versus fixed‐bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: A finite element analysis

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