Material transport from the nearshore to the basinal environment in the southern Baltic Sea

Christiansen, Christian; Edelvang, Karen; Emeis, Kay–Christian; Graf, Gerhard; Jähmlich, Sabine; Kozuch, J.; Laima, Mario; Leipe, Thomas; Löffler, Annekatrin; Lund-Hansen, Lars Chresten; Miltner, Anja; Pazdro, Ksenia; Pempkowiak, Janusz; Shimmield, Graham; Shimmield, Tracy M; Smith, Jason; Voß, Maren; Witt, Gesine

doi:10.1016/s0924-7963(02)00126-4

Cited by 65 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The aggregate settling velocities that we determined in the present study (0.003 to 0.014 cm s Fennessy et al 1994, Christiansen et al 2002, Xia et al 2004. These particles, which are within the smaller size range of marine settling particles (Simon et al 2002, McDonnell & Buesseler 2012, are abundant in seawater and can account for a large fraction (up to 20%) of total carbon sinking fluxes, as recently estimated for the subtropical Sargasso Sea (McDonnell & Buesseler 2012).…”

Section: Implications For Materials Cycling In Marine Environmentssupporting

confidence: 78%

Effects of attached bacteria on organic aggregate settling velocity in seawater

Yamada¹,

Fukuda²,

Inoue³

et al. 2013

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We investigated whether attached bacteria affect the settling velocity of organic aggregates via modifications of the physical properties of aggregates, including density, porosity, and morphology. Model aggregates, prepared by mixing 2 different polysaccharides (fucoidan and chitosan), were incubated in coastal seawater passed through either 0.8 μm (AGG 0.8 ) or 0.2 μm (AGG 0.2 ) filters. After incubation for 48 h, AGG 0.8 were much more densely (3.2-to 10.1-fold) colonized by bacteria than AGG 0.2 . Based on median settling velocities (W 50 ), as determined by laser in situ scattering and transmissometry, the W 50 of AGG 0.8 was lower (1.6-to 4.5-fold) than that of AGG 0.2 for a size class of 62 to 119 μm. Stokes model analyses indicated that this reduction in W 50 could be largely attributed to the higher porosities of AGG 0.8 (0.932−0.981) than those of AGG 0.2 (0.719−0.929). Our results support the notion that the modification of aggregate structure by attached bacteria (porosity enhancement) can be an important factor controlling the settling velocity of marine particles.

show abstract

Section: Implications For Materials Cycling In Marine Environmentssupporting

confidence: 78%

Effects of attached bacteria on organic aggregate settling velocity in seawater

Yamada¹,

Fukuda²,

Inoue³

et al. 2013

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This low value is due to the presence of an organic-rich layer resting on top of the actual sediment surface -FLSM. A flow velocity of 4.5 cm s −1 is required to transport the FLSM Christiansen et al, 2002). The Arkona Deep acts as a final deposition area for the material, with an average mass accumulation rate from 1.0 to 1.8 kg (dry mass) m −2 year −1 (Widrowski and Pempkowiak, 1986;Pempkowiak, 1991;Emeis et al, 2002).…”

Section: The Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is, at least partly, due to high variability of the coastal environment. Thus a prolonged study, in a course of which a transect from a shallow, highly dynamic near shore environment, to a low energy, depositional basin, was probed repeatedly for FLSM, was carried out, in order to overcome the environmental variability Christiansen et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samples of FLSM were collected in the course of a two years long program conducted in the frame of the Baltic Sea System Study Christiansen et al, 2002). Composition and properties of the samples were then measured, and have been a subject of several publications Pempkowiak et al, 2002;Pazdro et al, 2001;Witt et al, 2001;Löffler et al, 2000;Leipe et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Factors influencing fluffy layer suspended matter (FLSM) properties in the Odra River - Pomeranian Bay - Arkona Deep System (Baltic Sea) as derived by principal components analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis (CA)

Pempkowiak

Bełdowski

Pazdro

et al. 2005

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Factors conditioning formation and properties of suspended matter resting on the sea floor (Fluffy Layer Suspended Matter -FLSM) in the Odra river mouth -Arkona Deep system (southern Baltic Sea) were investigated.Thirty FLSM samples were collected from four sampling stations, during nine cruises, in the period 1996-1998. Twenty six chemical properties of the fluffy material were measured (organic matter-total, humic substances, a variety of fatty acids fractions, P, N, δ13C, δ15N; Li; heavy metalsCo, Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn, Fe, Al, Mn, Cu, Cr). The so obtained data set was subjected to statistical evaluation.Comparison of mean values of the measured properties led to conclusion that both seasonal and spatial differences of the fluffy material collected at the stations occured. Application of Principal Component Analysis, and Cluster Analysis, to the data set amended with environmental characteristics (depth, salinity, chlorophyll a, distance from the river mouth), led to quantification of factors conditioning the FLSM formation. The five most important factors were: contribution of the lithogenic component (responsible for 25% of the data set variability), time dependent factors (including primary productivity, mass exchange with fine sediment fraction, atmospheric deposition, contribution of material originating from abrasion-altogether 21%), contribution of fresh autochtonous organic matter (9%), influence of microbial activity (8%), seasonality (8%).

show abstract

“…These diffusivities compare well with those reported by Lorke (2007) and Lorke et al (2008) for the BBL of a large lake. In the Baltic Sea, the absence of tides leads to low average current velocities in the range of a few cm s -1 (Christiansen et al 2002) that are comparable to those found in lakes. The flux ratio approach, therefore, seems to be limited to low energy flow as found in lakes, enclosed seas, and low-energy shelf systems.…”

Section: Comments and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 55%

Measurement and interpretation of solute concentration gradients in the benthic boundary layer

Holtappels

Kuypers

Schlüter

et al. 2011

Limnology & Ocean Methods

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The coastal ocean is characterized by high exchange rates of organic matter, oxygen, and nutrients between the sediment and the water column. The solutes that are exchanged between the sediment and the overlying water column are transported across the benthic boundary layer (BBL) by means of turbulent diffusion. Thus, solute concentration gradients in the BBL contain valuable information about the respective fluxes. In this study, we present the instrumentation and sampling strategies to measure oxygen and nutrient concentration gradients in the BBL. We provide the theoretical background and the calculation procedure to derive ratios of nutrient and oxygen fluxes from these concentration gradients. The noninvasive approach is illustrated at two sampling sites in the western Baltic Sea where nutrient and oxygen concentration gradients of up to 5 and 30 µM m -1 , respectively, were measured. Nutrient and oxygen flux ratios were used to establish a nitrogen flux balance between sediment and water column indicating that 20% and 50% of the mineralized nitrogen left the sediment in form of N 2 (station A and B, respectively). The results are supported by sediment incubation experiments of intact sediment cores, measuring denitrification rates, and oxygen uptake. The presented flux ratio approach is applicable without knowledge of turbulent diffusivities in the BBL and is, therefore, unaffected by non-steady-state current velocities and diffusivities.*Corresponding author: E-mail: mholtapp@mpi-bremen.de AcknowledgmentWe thank Bernd Schneider and Anne Loeffler (Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde) who provided ship time on RV Professor Albrecht Penck; Gaute Lavik for assistance in mass spectrometry and data analysis, G. Klockgether, M. Meyer, and J. Schmidt for analytical assistance, F. Wenzhoefer, H. Roy, and P. Faerber for technical assistance and the crews of RV Heinke and RV Professor Albrecht Penck for excellent collaboration. This study was funded through DFG-Research Center/Excellence Cluster, "The Ocean in the Earth System," and the Max Planck Society. DOI 10.4319/lom.2011.9.1 Limnol. Oceanogr.: Methods 9, 2011Methods 9, , 1-13 © 2011, by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc. LIMNOLOGY and OCEANOGRAPHY: METHODSespecially the bottom water flow (Tengberg et al. 2005). The incubated water needs to be mixed artificially to simulate the flow of the bottom water. However, the degree of stirring can change the concentration of suspended particulate matter, the behavior of the macrofauna, or the porewater flow in permeable sediments.In recent years increasing attention has been paid to the water layer just above the sediment-the so called benthic boundary layer (BBL)-which is characterized by turbulent boundary layer flow (Dade et al. 2001). As this layer intimately links the sediment to the water column, it is well-suited for the noninvasive observation and quantification of concentration gradients and fluxes between sediment and water column. So far, only a few studies (R...

show abstract

Material transport from the nearshore to the basinal environment in the southern Baltic Sea

Cited by 65 publications

References 41 publications

Effects of attached bacteria on organic aggregate settling velocity in seawater

Effects of attached bacteria on organic aggregate settling velocity in seawater

Factors influencing fluffy layer suspended matter (FLSM) properties in the Odra River - Pomeranian Bay - Arkona Deep System (Baltic Sea) as derived by principal components analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis (CA)

Measurement and interpretation of solute concentration gradients in the benthic boundary layer

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About