Materials and Methods for Ceramic Membrane Synthesis. Short Review

Abstract

This article briefly overviews the main types of raw materials used to synthesise ceramic membranes. Traditional materials such as aluminium oxide, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, zeolites, and cost-effective materials like various clays and industrial waste are highlighted. Modern methods for producing high-performance ceramic membranes are discussed, including slip casting, tape casting, pressing, extrusion, solid state method etc. The general scheme for preparing a selective layer on a ceramic membrane using various methods for synthesising it is also examined. Furthermore, the cost of commercial ceramic membranes and influencing factors are analysed. Based on contemporary literature, ceramic membranes exhibit distinct advantages over polymer membranes with their potential for application under high temperature, high pressure, and aggressive environments. Additionally, their energy efficiency, compactness, and versatility make them a viable alternative for water purification, replacing more expensive methods like coagulation and adsorption. Ceramic membranes have become a competitive alternative to polymer membranes, showcasing unique material properties and excellent characteristics. Using cost-effective materials for ceramic membrane fabrication allows for utilisation in economically sensitive sectors. Such membranes demonstrate excellent mechanical properties and high permeability, while inexpensive materials can reduce costs. Current scientific research and developments focus on utilising various clays and waste materials to produce ceramic membranes, aiming to create new generations of ceramic membranes for environmentally friendly applications.