Materials and Transducers Toward Selective Wireless Gas Sensing

Abstract

Introduction 7315 1.1. Diversity of Monitoring Needs of Volatiles 7315 1.2. Chemical Interferences As the Key Noise Parameter for Wireless Sensors 7316 1.3. Goals and Scope of This Review 7317 1.4. Topics That Are Out of Scope of This Review 7317 2. Anatomy of Wireless Gas Sensors 7317 2.1. Active and Passive Wireless Sensors 7318 2.2. Transducers for Wireless Passive Sensors 7319 2.3. RFID Sensors 7320 2.4. Key Performance Factors of Wireless Sensors 7320 2.5. Summary of Specific Requirements for Wireless Gas Sensors 7321 3. Need for Transducers with Multiple Response Mechanisms 7321 3.1. Limitations of Sensor Arrays for Tethered and Wireless Gas Sensing 7322 3.2. Data Processing 7322 3.3. Multivariate Sensing 7323 4. Integration of Sensing Materials with Transducers 7323 6.3. System Approach for Development of Wireless Gas Sensors 7345 6.4. Path Forward 7345 Author Information 7346 Biographies 7346 Acknowledgment 7347 References 7347

Discovery of the surface polarity gradient on iridescent Morpho butterfly scales reveals a mechanism of their selective vapor response

“…The appreciation of the role of chemical gradients in photonic nanostructures opens opportunities for new design principles of gas and liquid sensors with tailored selectivity in a single sensing unit rather than with individually fabricated and multiplexed sensors. These design principles present a major departure from existing approaches to sensing (8) and are related to multivariable sensors, where an individual sensor has several partially or fully independent responses (6,11). Such multivariable sensors have several advantages over sensor arrays.…”

“…attracts tremendous attention (10,11). The mechanism of selective vapor response reported here introduces a different perspective for selective vapor sensing, where the selectivity is achieved within a single chemically graded nanostructured sensing unit, rather than from an array of separate sensors.…”

Low-frequency 1/f noise in graphene devices

“…shot or thermal noise, the accuracy increases as T 1/2 . The sensitivity and selectivity of many types of sensors, particularly those, that rely on electrical response is limited by 1/f noise [18][19][20]. The same considerations apply for graphene sensors.…”

Wireless gas detection with a smartphone via rf communication

“…Examples include sensors for point-of-care diagnosis of disease (5), detection of explosives and chemical warfare agents (6), indication of food ripening and spoilage (7), and monitoring of environmental pollution (1). Connecting sensors with information technology through wireless rf communication is a promising approach to enable cost-effective onsite chemical detection and analysis (8). Although rf technology has been recently applied toward wireless chemical sensing, current approaches have several limitations, including lack of specificity to selected chemical analytes, requirements for expensive, bulky, fragile, and operationally complex impedance and network analyzers, and reliance on extensive data processing and analysis (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13).…”

“…Connecting sensors with information technology through wireless rf communication is a promising approach to enable cost-effective onsite chemical detection and analysis (8). Although rf technology has been recently applied toward wireless chemical sensing, current approaches have several limitations, including lack of specificity to selected chemical analytes, requirements for expensive, bulky, fragile, and operationally complex impedance and network analyzers, and reliance on extensive data processing and analysis (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). We report herein the adaptation of a nascent technology embedded in modern smartphones-near-field communication (NFC)-for wireless electronic, portable, non-line-of-sight selective detection of gasphase chemicals ( Fig.…”